win-win for wind and wildlife a vision to facilitate sustainable development双赢的风力和野生动物视觉来促进可持续发展.pdfVIP

Win-Win for Wind and Wildlife: A Vision to Facilitate Sustainable Development 1 1 2 3¤ 4 Joseph M. Kiesecker *, Jeffrey S. Evans , Joe Fargione , Kevin Doherty , Kerry R. Foresman , Thomas H. 5 6 7 8 Kunz , Dave Naugle , Nathan P. Nibbelink , Neal D. Niemuth 1 Global Conservation Lands Program, The Nature Conservancy, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America, 2 North America Conservation Region, The Nature Conservancy, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America, 3 Audubon Society, Laramie, Wyoming, United States of America, 4 Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, United States of America, 5 Department of Biology, Center for Ecology and Conservation Biology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, 6 College of Forestry and Conservation, The University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, United States of America, 7 Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America, 8 United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Bismarck, North Dakota, United States of America Abstract Wind energy offers the potential to reduce carbon emissions while increasing energy independence and bolstering economic development. However, wind energy has a larger land footprint per Gigawatt (GW) than most other forms of energy production, making appropriate siting and mitigation particularly important. Species that require large unfragmented habitats and those known to avoid vertical structures are particularly at risk