within-host speciation of malaria parasites疟疾寄生虫在宿主物种形成.pdfVIP

Within-Host Speciation of Malaria Parasites ´ 1,2 1 ˇ 3 ¨ 1¤a 4 5¤b ˚6 Javier Perez-Tris *, Olof Hellgren , Asta Krizanauskiene˙ , Jonas Waldenstrom , Jean Secondi , Camille Bonneaud , Jon Fjeldsa , Dennis Hasselquist1, Staffan Bensch1 1 Department of Animal Ecology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden, 2 Department of Zoology and Physical Anthropology, Complutense University, ´ Madrid, Spain, 3 Institute of Ecology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania, 4 Laboratoire d’Ecologie Animale, Universite d’Angers, Angers, France, ´ 5 Laboratoire de Parasitologie Evolutive, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France, 6 Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark Background. Sympatric speciation—the divergence of populations into new species in absence of geographic barriers to hybridization—is the most debated mode of diversification of life forms. Parasitic organisms are prominent models for sympatric speciation, because they may colonise new hosts within the same geographic area and diverge through host specialization. However, it has been argued that this mode of parasite divergence is not strict sympatric speciation, because host shifts likely cause the sudden effective isolation of parasites, particularly if these are transmitted by vectors and therefore cannot select their hosts. Strict sympatric speciation would involve parasi