why are autism spectrum conditions more prevalent in males为什么自闭症条件更普遍男性.pdfVIP

Unsolved Mystery Why Are Autism Spectrum Conditions More Prevalent in Males? 1 1 1 1 Simon Baron-Cohen *, Michael V. Lombardo , Bonnie Auyeung , Emma Ashwin , Bhismadev Chakrabarti1,2, Rebecca Knickmeyer1,3 1 Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom, 2 Centre for Integrative Neuroscience and Neurodynamics, School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom, 3 Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina–Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America in Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), dyslexia, Abstract: Autism Spectrum Conditions (ASC) are much conduct disorder (CD), specific language impairment, Tourette more common in males, a bias that may offer clues to the Syndrome, and Learning Difficulties (see Table 1) [10]. etiology of this condition. Although the cause of this bias However, the male bias is much more pronounced in ASC, remains a mystery, we argue that it occurs because ASC is especially in the case of AS. This male bias could simply reflect the an extreme manifestation of the male brain. The extreme difficulty of diagnosing AS in females. Though classic autism male brain (EMB) theory, first proposed in 1997, is an would not be missed in females, AS could be if it presented as some extension of the Empathizing-Systemizing (E-S) theor