whole-body analysis of a viral infection vascular endothelium is a primary target of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus in zebrafish larvae病毒感染的全身分析血管内皮是传染性造血的主要目标在斑马鱼幼体坏死病毒.pdfVIP

Whole-Body Analysis of a Viral Infection: Vascular Endothelium is a Primary Target of Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus in Zebrafish Larvae 1,2.¤ 1,2. 3 ´ 1,2 1,2 Marion Ludwig , Nuno Palha , Corinne Torhy , Valerie Briolat , Emma Colucci-Guyon , Michel ´ 3 1,2 3 1,2 Bremont , Philippe Herbomel , Pierre Boudinot , Jean-Pierre Levraud * ´ ´ ´ 1 Macrophages et Developpement de l’Immunite, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France, 2 CNRS URA2578, Paris, France, 3 Virologie et Immunologie Moleculaire, INRA, Jouy-en- Josas, France Abstract The progression of viral infections is notoriously difficult to follow in whole organisms. The small, transparent zebrafish larva constitutes a valuable system to study how pathogens spread. We describe here the course of infection of zebrafish early larvae with a heat-adapted variant of the Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus (IHNV), a rhabdovirus that represents an important threat to the salmonid culture industry. When incubated at 24uC, a permissive temperature for virus replication, larvae infected by intravenous injection died within three to four days. Macroscopic signs of infection followed a highly predictable course, with a slowdown then arrest of blood flow despite continuing heartbeat, followed by a loss of reactivity to touch and ultimately by death. Using whole-mount in situ hybridization, patterns of infection were imaged in whole larvae.