identification and characterization of cell type–specific and ubiquitous chromatin regulatory structures in the human genome识别和描述细胞的特定类型和无处不在的染色质监管结构在人类基因组中.pdfVIP

Identification and Characterization of Cell Type–Specific and Ubiquitous Chromatin Regulatory Structures in the Human Genome 1 2 2 3 1 4 5 Hualin Xi , Hennady P. Shulha , Jane M. Lin , Teresa R. Vales , Yutao Fu , David M. Bodine , Ronald D. G. McKay , Josh G. Chenoweth5 5 3 6 1,2* 3* , Paul J. Tesar , Terrence S. Furey , Bing Ren , Zhiping Weng , Gregory E. Crawford 1 Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, 2 Biomedical Engineering Department, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, 3 Institute for Genome Sciences Policy, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America, 4 Hematopoiesis Section, Genetics and Molecular Biology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America, 5 National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America, 6 Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America The identification of regulatory elements from different cell types is necessary for understanding the mechanisms controlling cell type–specific and housekeeping gene expression. Mapping DNaseI hypersensitive (HS) sites is an accurate method for identifying the location of functional regulatory elements. We used a high throughput method called DNase-chip to identify 3,904 DNaseI HS sites from six cell types across 1% of the human genome. A significant number (22%) of DNaseI HS sites from each cell type are ubiquitously