good and bad in the hands of politicians spontaneous gestures during positive and negative speech好的和坏的政客手中的自发手势在积极和消极的言论.pdfVIP

good and bad in the hands of politicians spontaneous gestures during positive and negative speech好的和坏的政客手中的自发手势在积极和消极的言论.pdf

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good and bad in the hands of politicians spontaneous gestures during positive and negative speech好的和坏的政客手中的自发手势在积极和消极的言论

Good and Bad in the Hands of Politicians: Spontaneous Gestures during Positive and Negative Speech Daniel Casasanto1,2,3*, Kyle Jasmin1 1 Neurobiology of Language Group, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands, 2 Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands, 3 Department of Psychology, New School for Social Research, New York, New York, United States of America Abstract Background: According to the body-specificity hypothesis, people with different bodily characteristics should form correspondingly different mental representations, even in highly abstract conceptual domains. In a previous test of this proposal, right- and left-handers were found to associate positive ideas like intelligence, attractiveness, and honesty with their dominant side and negative ideas with their non-dominant side. The goal of the present study was to determine whether ‘body-specific’ associations of space and valence can be observed beyond the laboratory in spontaneous behavior, and whether these implicit associations have visible consequences. Methodology and Principal Findings: We analyzed speech and gesture (3012 spoken clauses, 1747 gestures) from the final debates of the 2004 and 2008 US presidential elections, which involved two right-handers (Kerry, Bush) and two left-handers (Obama, McCain). Blind, independent coding of speech and gesture allowed objective hypothesis testing. Right- and left- handed candidates showed contrasting associations between gesture and speech. In both of the left-handed candidates, left-hand gestures were associated more strongly with positive-valence clauses and right-hand gestures with negative- valence clauses; the opposite pattern was found in both right-handed candidates. Conclusio

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