非谓语动词3课件.pptVIP

00-7-21 SPRING The Nonpredicate 非谓语动词 The Infinitive The Gerund The Participle Practice on Participles 概说 Prevue 带to的不定式(to-infinitive)和不带to的不定式(bare-infinitive) 有进行时、完成体、被动语态 不定式的结构模式 1）不带主语的不定式 I hope to see you soon. (不定式的逻辑主语是I) 2）带主语的不定式 不定式也有自己的主语，这个主语通常由for引导： I am anxious for the party to be a success. 带疑问词的不定式 I wonder who to invite. Can you tell me how to get to the station? 不定式的句法功能 不定式可充当主语、表语、宾语、宾语补语、名词词组修饰语、状语等。 1、不定式作主语 不定式能直接置于句首担任主语，一般指特定动作，心中有说话的对象。 To hesitate is a pity. To know the main facts is not sufficient. to be here is a great pleasure. 上述这种形式一般用得不多，现代英语中常用先行词it，把不定式分句后置的形式： It is a pity to hesitate. It is not sufficient to know the main facts. It’s a great pleasure to be here. 也适用于主句动词不是连系动词的句子： It took (us) five hours to get here. It needed hard work to finish the job. 如果是疑问句或感叹句，则只能用上述形式： Is it a good idea to open a bank account? What is it like to be here? How long did it take you to get here? 不定式作主语通常表示具体动作，有时抽象，这点与动名词作主语恰恰相反。 2、不定式作表语 有两种情况： 1）主语和表语都是不定式，其含义往往一是条件，一是结果： To see is to believe. To decide is to act. To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people. 2）主语是以aim, ambition, duty, hope, idea, intention, mistake, plan, purpose, suggestion等为中心的名词词组，或以what引导的名词分句表示，后面的不定式说明其内容： My idea is to climb the mountain from the north. Our plan is to make better use of these medicinal herbs（草药）. Your mistake was to write that letter. What I would suggest is to start work at once. 注意：不定式作表语时常带to, 但在某些句型中也可省略to：（请观察这些句型中的特点） All I did was empty the bottle. All you do is talk about cars. All she seems to do is gossip with her neighbours. （与邻居聊天） The only thing I can do now is go on by myself. What I really wanted to do was drive all night. 上述例子中的不定式之所以能省略to，有一个条件，即主语部分必须有一个动词do，这个do的形式不论。 3、不定式作宾语 不定式作宾语有两种：一种是能直接跟带to不定式作宾语，另一种是能跟有疑问词+带to不定式作宾语。 1）动词+带to不定式 能直接跟带to不定式作宾语的动词，常见的有：afford, agree, aim, apply, arrange, ask, choose, claim, decide, decline, demand, desire, determine, expect, hope, learn, long, man