非谓语动词语法讲义课件.pptVIP

* 一、动词不定式 不定式 动名词 过去分词 一般式 一般式 完成式 完成式 进行式 被 动 主 动 to do doing to be doing to have done having done to be done being done to have been done having been done done 现在分词 表1: 非谓语动词的时态、语态 不定式 动名词 现在 分词 过去 分词 1. 主语 2. 宾语 4. 表语 3. 定语 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 7.状 语 5. 宾补 6. 主补 ? ? ? ? ? ? (?) 表2: 非谓语动词句法功能 时间 原因 条件 伴随 目的 结果 1.不定式作主语: to 不定式句中作主语, 多数情 况下用 it 作形式主语，将不定式后置。例如： To tell a lie is wrong. = It is wrong to tell a lie．说谎是错误的。 应邀到这儿来很荣幸。 To be invited here is an honor. = It is an honor to be invited here． 动词take, cost, require, make等也可用上述结构。 步行到那儿要20分钟。 It takes twenty minutes to walk there． 坐飞机去日本花费大约500元。 It costs about five hundred dollars to fly to Japan． 掌握一门语言需要下功夫。 It requires efforts __________________． It requires efforts to master a language． 找到一份好工作他很高兴。(It delighted him…) It delighted him to find a good job． 在疑问和感叹句中, 只能用 it 作先行词的结构。 和他们一起工作多么令人高兴!(What a pleasure…) What a pleasure it is to work with them! 假日去钓鱼多么令人放松! (How relaxing …) How relaxing it is to go fishing in a holiday! 演一部短剧不是个好主意吗? (Isnt it a good idea…) Isnt it a good idea to put on a short play? 在 it 作形式主语的结构中, 常用 for + 名词 / 代词 作不定式的逻辑主语。例如： 对于他掌握演说艺术是不可能的. It is impossible for him to master the art of speaking． It is not right for them to stop halfway． 他们半途而废是不对的。 It + be + 形容词 + of + 名词或代词 + to不定式, 常用形容词表示不定式逻辑主语的特征: foolish, clever, stupid, nice, kind, rude, careless 等。 你这么说太好了。 You are kind to say so. = It is kind of you to say so. 她真勇敢，救了学生。 (brave… save) It was brave of her to save the pupils. = She was brave to save the pupils. 2.不定式作宾语: 分为 5 种结构 1) 动词 + to不定式, 常用动词有 promise, decide, want, refuse, pretend, agree, long, choose, try, demand, expect, hope, learn, manage, afford 我渴望成为一个足球明星。 I longed to become a football star． 他同意必威体育官网网址。 He agreed to keep it secret． 2) 动词 + 疑问词 + to不定式, 常用动词有 know, decide, wonder, learn, remember, see, understand, think, find out 等。例如： 我不知道说什么安慰她。 I don’t know what to