论中俄能源的合作历程与发展方向(中英文).doc

Process and developing direction of theory of china-Russia energy cooperation China is the worlds largest energy consumer, by 2030, China will account for 25% of global growth in energy demand. According to the national development and reform commission (NDRC) plan, by 2020, natural gas in Chinas total energy consumption composition proportion will increase to 10% from 4% in 2012. China became a net importer of natural gas in 2007, natural gas consumption by 29% in 2012 from imports, is expected to import dependency increase significantly in the future. Russia among the world top in the field of energy production, is Chinas main energy provider. ? 一、energy cooperation between China and Russia Energy cooperation between China and Russia since 1991, so far can be roughly divided into five stages. 1、The first stage (1991-2000). Steep decline, at the beginning of the Yeltsin years to Russias economy transition needs foreign investment to economic recovery and to expand export markets, increase energy products export is the governments top priority. China has become a net oil importer since 1993, Russia energy cooperation with China was very positive. In November 1994, Russias first hope to build oil pipeline to China, so that energy exports to China, in return for money. Oil trade between China and Russia is gradually developed, but the oil trade volume is low, only 572000 tons in 1999, Chinas oil imports from Russia is mainly refined petroleum products, eight years the average annual imports of 1.518 million tons, while the average annual imports of crude oil is only 203000 tons. When the market demand for energy is not large, international market oil prices lower, China more inclined to buy oil in the international market, to the failure of the energy cooperation with Russia to take a long-term view, positive response, missed the best opportunity of cooperation. ? ?2、The second stage (2000-2004). After President Vladimir Putin of Russia, China and Russias oil trade th