翻译第四章课件xin.ppt

Chapter Four Translation on Sentence Level The First Two Periods Teaching Objectives: To distinguish the difference between topic-prominent Chinese and subject-prominent English; To discuss the methods of how to choose the proper subject when doing translation from Chinese into English. Teaching Focus Be aware of the syntactic discrepancies between English and Chinese; How to choose the most proper subject when doing translation from Chinese into English; Teaching Difficulties The difficulty lies in how to get around the negative transfer of the syntactic influence of the original so as to select the most proper subject in C-E translation. Teaching Content Comparison of the Theme in English and Chinese; How to choose the most proper subject in C-E translation; Summary of this section I. Comparison of the Theme in English and Chinese Topic vs. Subject; Personal vs. Impersonal; Subjectless/Subject-omitted Sentence 1. Topic vs. Subject 汉语是“主题显著”的语言，其句子的基本结构是 “话题+评论”框架。 话题可以是：施事、受事、时间、地点、工具、方式等。 从主语的构成成分看，汉语中除了名词短语可以充当主语外，动词、形容词、数量词等都可以成为主题。 For example, 我们盖了一栋房子。 书看完了。 今年来了三名新同学。 学校门口要盖一家超市。 单车闯天下。 很快天就下雨了。 打雷了。 More examples: 今天的菜真好吃（NP）； 他能获奖我不相信（S）； 这些话他会说我不相信（S’）； 开小灶我不同意（VP）； 在桌子上他放了几本书（Prep P）； 贫穷不要紧（adj.）; 六六大顺（num.） Topic vs. Subject 英语是主语优先型语言，每个句子都有显性主语。 主语可以由 “施事、受事、形式主语或主题主语来充当。 从主语的构成成分看, 英语的主语包括: 代词; 名词; 名词以外的词类做主语必须要名词化。 2. Personal vs. Impersonal In formal written English, the writer does not refer directly to himself or his readers, but avoids the pronouns I, we, and you, thus the writer and the reader are out of the picture, hiding themselves behind impersonal language. Common features: Passives sentences beginning with introductory it abstract nouns as subjects For Example It has been noted with concern that the stock of books in the library has been declining alarmingly. Students are asked to remind themselves of the rules for the borrowing and return of books, and to bear in mind the needs of other students. Penalties for