第七讲：省略法.pptVIP

第七讲：省略法 省略法是将原文中需要而译文中又不需要的词语省去。减省的词语应是那些如在译文中保留下来则使语言表达累赘罗嗦且不合汉语语言表达习惯的词语。减词一般用于以下两种情况： 一是从语法角度进行减省 二是从修辞角度进行减省 一：从语法角度进行减省 省代词 1、省略作主语的人称代词 根据汉语习惯，前句出现一个主语，后句仍为同一个主语，就不必重复出现。英语中通常每句都有主语，因此人称代词作主语往往多次出现，这种人称代词汉译时通常可以省去。 1）He was thin and haggard and he looked miserable. 他消瘦而又憔悴，看上去一副可怜相。 2）Laura wished now that she was not holding that piece of bread-and-butter,but there was nowhere to put it and she couldn’t possibly throw it away. 这时劳拉宁愿手里没有这块涂上黄油的面包，拿着又没地方放，又不可能扔掉。 泛指的英语人称代词作主语时，即使是作第一个主语，译文往往也可以省略。 3）We have more water than earth on this globe. 在地球上，水比陆地占的面积大。 4）We live and learn 活到老，学到老。 5） You can never tell who is going to win the match. 很难说谁会赢得这场比赛。 2、省略作宾语的代词 1）She laid her hand lightly on his arm as if to thank him. 他轻轻地把手放在他的胳膊上，好象以示感谢。 2）If you have read these stories, tell them in your own words. 如果你已经读完了这些故事，用你自己的话说出来。 3） Reading is a pleasure of the mind, which means that it is a little like a sport: your eagerness and knowledge and quickness make you a good reader. 阅读是心智的乐趣，颇有点儿象从事一项运动：需要热情、知识、敏捷三者具备才能做好。 3、省略物主代词 英语中的物主代词，汉译时往往可以省略。 1）So the train came, he pinched his little sister lovingly, put his great arms about his mother’s neck and then went away. 于是火车来了，他爱抚地捏了一下小妹妹，用他宽厚的臂膀搂了搂母亲的脖子，然后走了。 2）She shrugged her shoulders, shook her head, cast up her eyes, but said nothing. 她耸耸肩，摇摇头，两眼看天，一句话不说。 省略非人称的或强势句中的it Outside it was pitch dark and it was raining cats and dogs. 外面一团漆黑，大雨倾盆。 2） He glanced at his watch; it was 7:15. 他看了一眼表，已经七点一刻了。 3） It was just growing dark, as she shut the garden gate. 她关上园门时，已是暮色苍苍了。 4） It was only then that I began to have doubts whether my experience would ever be told. 只有那个时候我才开始怀疑：我的经历究竟要不要公诸于众呢！ 5）It was with some difficulty that he found the way to his own house. 他费了不少劲才找到回家的路。 省略连接词 汉语词语和语句之间较少使用连接词，其上下逻辑关系常常是暗含的，由词语的次序来表示。英语则不然，连接词用的很多，因此在作英汉翻译时常常可以把这样的连接词省掉。 1）despite the privation, and the mounting to