预制语块研究.pptVIP

预制语块研究 ready-made memorizedcombinations, Prefabricated chunks Which is a chunk? (1). “That is lie” “It’s the truth”, said she. “It’s a dirty rotten strinking lousy bloody low filthy two faced lie”. (2) Funken Hell man, who the hell told you I liked doing this kind of shit! (3) Are you absolutely sure? What do you mean? (1) 搞完了? (2)有热水没有? Which is right? 闲人免进 Idlers don’t enter Personnel only Staff only Authorized personnel only 爱护草坪 请勿踏入 Care of the grass, do not enter Keep off the grass 请勿酒后驾车 Don’t drive drunkenly Do not drive drunk 请勿疲劳驾驶 Don’t drive tiredly Tiredness kills 鼓励社会力量办学 social force? × encourage non-government sectors to run schools 社会实践活动 Social practice activity × Field practice √ Off-campus practice √ Extracurricular activities 教育乱收费 配套设施（措施） 不搞劳民伤财的“形象工程” Unauthorized collection of fees Supporting facilities（measures） Refrain from building “vanity projects” that waste both money and manpower definition 所谓预制语块或语块是指以整体形式学到并保存在长期记忆中的范例(exemplar)。 近年来计算机技术对自然话语的分析结果表明,交际语言中,只有少部分自然话语是通过单词或固定词组的使用来实现的,大部分(70% )是由处于两者之间的半固定板块结构来实现的。 通过对儿童词汇习得的研究,Nattinger和DeCarrio也证明了在预定的社会环境中,儿童使用大量未经分析的语块,即预制语块。例如,儿童不是把What is that 当成三个词素,而是把它当成一个单词, What-is-that 一个不可分割的单位使用。他们还常常使用this-is-mine, give-me, go-on, I-want-to-go. 国内外的相关研究 最早对语块进行研究的是(Becker,1975),他认为人类语言交际的最小单位不是单词,而是固定和半固定的模式化的语块结构。语言的记忆、存储、输出和使用都是以语块结构为单位进行的。 Semi-fixed Chunks 1. they are more or less variable ; e.g. a_ ago ; I see your point but… 2. prefabricated nature 3. associated with particular pragmatic function 4. analyzable, segmentable, productive and generative. Idioms Idioms are fully non-compositional, non-productive collocations and truly frozen pieces of language Eg. raining cats and dogs. Collocations Collocations, with the definition of closely structured groups whose parts frequently or uniquely occur together have the natures of compositeness semantic opacity (the meaning of the idiom is not the sum of its constituents) (Fernando, 1996) eg. rancid butter