规范化胰岛素注射与管理-培训课件.ppt

人体适合注射胰岛素应选取皮下脂肪丰富的部位如：腹部、大腿外侧、上臂外侧和臀部外上侧。 * 左边一周，右边一周，部位对称轮换 一次左边，一次右边，部位对称轮换 * * Clauson PG, Linde B. Absorption of rapid-acting insulin in obese and nonobese NIDDM patients. Diabetes Care 1995;18:986-91. Jamal R, Ross SA, Parkes JL, Pardo S, Ginsberg BH. Role of injection technique in use of insulin pens: prospective evaluation of a 31-gauge, 8mm insulin pen needle. Endocr Pract 1999;5:245-50. Birkebaek N, Solvig J, Hansen B, Jorgensen C, Smedegaard J, Christiansen J. A 4mm needle reduces the risk of intramuscular injections without increasing backflow to skin surface in lean diabetic children and adults. Diabetes Care. 2008 Sep;22(9): e65. Gibney MA, Arce CH, Byron KJ, Hirsch LJ. Skin and subcutaneous adipose layer thickness in adults with diabetes at sites used for insulin injections: Implications for needle length recommendations. Curr MedRes Opin 2010;26:1519-30. Hirsch L, Klaff L, Bailey T, Gibney M, Albanese J, Qu S, et al. Comparative glycemic control, safety and patient ratings for a new 4 mm\32G insulin pen needle in adults with diabetes. Curr Med Res Opin 2010;26:1531-41. Kreugel G, Keers JC, Jongbloed A, Verweij-Gjaltema AH, Wolffenbuttel BHR. The influence of needle length on glycemic control and patient preference in obese diabetic patients. Diabetes 2009;58:A117. Kreugel G, Beijer HJM, Kerstens MN, ter Maaten JC, Sluiter WJ, Boot BS. Influence of needle size for SC insulin administration on metabolic control and patient acceptance. Europ Diab Nursing 2007;4:1-5. Van Doorn LG, Alberda A, Lytzen L. Insulin leakage and pain perception with NovoFine 6 mm and NovoFine 12 mm needle lengths in patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. Diabet Med 1998;1:S50. Solvig J, Christiansen JS, Hansen B, Lytzen L. Localisation of potential insulin deposition in normal weight and obese patients with diabetes using Novofine 6 mm and Novofine 12 mm needles. Meeting Federation European Nurses in Diabetes, Jerusalem, Israel, 2000 (Abstract). Schwartz S, Hassman D, Shelm