肝炎治疗与预防河北最好的乙肝医院-培训课件.ppt

* 联合治疗 联合治疗期望有相加或协同的抗病毒疗效或减少耐药性作用，是值得进一步研究的课题。目前研究最多的是拉米夫定联合干扰素、拉米夫定联合其他核苷类似物。一项多中心研究中，拉米夫定组、干扰素组、联合治疗组患者的HBeAg血清转换率分别为19%、18%、29%，无统计学差异。另一项研究报道拉米夫定与干扰素联合治疗后HBeAg血清转换率高于单用（35%比19%）。拉米夫定联合胸腺肽、疗效未能肯定。与其他核苷类药物的联合应用国外在进行研究中。对于发生YMDD变异的治疗，国外用阿德福韦(Adefovir)和恩替卡韦(Entacvir)，目前这2种药物正在国内进行临床试验，尚未批准上市。对于联合治疗，应有组织地遵照GCP的原则按照循证医学进行设计，操作和评估，以作出确切评价。 REF: 1. Schalm SW, et al. Lamivudine and alpha interferon combination treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis B infection: a randomised trial. Gut 2000;46:562-568 2. Schiff ER, et al. A placebo controlled study of lamivudine and interferon alpha-2b in patients with chronic hepatitis B who previously failed interferon therapy (abstr). Hepatology 1998;28:388A 3. Barbaro G, et al. Long-term efficacy of interferon alpha-2b and lamivudine in combination compared to lamivudine monotherapy in patients with chronic hepatitis B. An Italian multicenter, randomized trial. J Hepatol 2001;35:406-411 4. Leung YK, et al. Treatment of chronic hepatitis B using thymosin alpha 1 and c combination of two nucleoside analogs, lamivudine and famciclovir [Abstr]. Hepatology 1998;28:216A * 1 1 1 * In 1990, the largest proportion of cases occurred in children aged 5-14 years. Approximately the same number of cases occurred among males compared to females. * Currently, most hepatitis A, albeit at lower rates than in previous years, is occurring among adults, as illustrated in this slide of 2001 incidence by age and gender. Incidence is particularly high among adult men. This is primarily a reflection of disease among adults in certain groups at increased risk, especially men who have sex with men and users of illicit drugs. * From 1990 through 2000, the most frequently reported source of infection was personal contact (household or sex) with an infected person (14%). Two percent of cases involved a child or employee in day-care; 6% of cases were a contact of a child or employee in day-care; 5% of cases reported recent international travel; and 4