Linux操作系统分析.pptVIP

xlanchen@2007.9.11 xlanchen：Linux OS Analysis Linux操作系统分析 中国科学技术大学计算机系 陈香兰（0512 xlanchen@ 第一章、绪论 主要内容 Linux简介 一些预备知识 操作系统基本概念 堆栈 内核态 vs 用户态 虚拟内存 分析和实验验证环境 VMware 、QEMU、VirtualBox SourceInsight 相关工具介绍：GNU Tools等 第一章、绪论 主要内容 Linux简介 一些预备知识 操作系统基本概念 堆栈 内核态 vs 用户态 虚拟内存 分析和实验验证环境 VMware、QEMU、VirtualBox SourceInsight 相关工具介绍：GNU Tools等 什么是Linux？ Linux是一个类Unix（Unix-like）的操作系统，在1991年发行了它的第一个版本 在Linux内核维护网站上，“What is Linux?” From “” Linux的来历和目标： Linux is a clone of the operating system Unix, written from scratch by Linus Torvalds with assistance from a loosely-knit team of hackers across the Net. It aims towards POSIX and Single UNIX Specification compliance. Linux的功能 It has all the features you would expect in a modern fully-fledged Unix, including true multitasking, virtual memory, shared libraries, demand loading, shared copy-on-write executables, proper memory management, and multistack networking including IPv4 and IPv6. Linux支持的目标体系结构 Although originally developed first for 32-bit x86-based PCs (386 or higher), today Linux also runs on (at least) the Alpha AXP, Sun SPARC, Motorola 68000, PowerPC, ARM, Hitachi SuperH, IBM S/390, MIPS, HP PA-RISC, Intel IA-64, AMD x86-64, AXIS CRIS, Renesas M32R, Atmel AVR32, Renesas H8/300, NEC V850, Tensilica Xtensa, and Analog Devices Blackfin architectures; for many of these architectures in both 32- and 64-bit variants. 在内存管理方面不得不说的 Linux is easily portable to most general-purpose 32- or 64-bit architectures as long as they have a paged memory management unit (PMMU) and a port of the GNU C compiler (gcc) (part of The GNU Compiler Collection, GCC). Linux has also been ported to a number of architectures without a PMMU, although functionality is then obviously somewhat limited. See the μClinux project for more info. “Linux” 在不同的语境下，“Linux”具有不同的内涵，例如： Linux内核、Linux系统或Linux开发套件等术语。 严格来说，Linux指的是Linux Torvalds维护的（及通过主要和镜像网站发布的）内核。 GNU/Linux GNU/Linux的拥护者们认为，Linux仅仅是指Linux内核，而整个Linux系统的大部分都建立在GNU软件之上。 GNU，“g-noo”，“GNUs Not Uni