扬州大学研究生英语考试.docVIP

2.1.3 Functions of an abstract (p30) An abstract serves an important function in a research report. It communicates the scope of your paper and the topics discussed to your reader. In doing so, it facilitates research. Abstract help scientists to locate materials that are relevant to their research from among published papers. and many times scientists will only read a paper’s abstract in order to determine whether the paper will be relevant to them. Considering your audience and their needs will help you to determine what should be included in your abstract. 在一份研究报告里摘要提供了一个重要的功能。它向你的读者传达了你论文的范围和讨论的主题。这样做,它促进研究。摘要帮助科学家从发表的论文中找到与他们研究相关的材料。并且科学家会很多遍的只读一篇论文的文摘为了确定是否将与他们的研究有关。考虑到你的读者和他们的需求将会帮助你决定什么应该包括在你的摘要里。 2.3.1 An informative abstract（p34) An informative abstract acts as a report in miniature, encapsulating the whole paper. It summarizes the key information from every major section in the body of the report, and provides the key facts and conclusions from the body of the report. A good way to develop an informative abstract is to devote a sentence or two to each of the major parts of the report. If space permits, you can provide contextual information such as background of the problem and the significance of the research, but you can also omit contextual information because the abstract is not supposed to serve as an introduction to the subject matter of the reportyour introduction will serve that role. You should, however, include key numerical facts to make the informative abstract brief and readers will not be surprised to see key data in an informative abstract. 信息性摘要正式记录一篇报告的缩影,概括整篇论文。它概述了文章主体的主要部分的关键信息,并提供报告主体的关键的论据和结论。写信息摘要的一个好方法是提取报告每个主要部分的一个或两个句子。如果空间允许,您可以提供上下文信息,如问题的背景和研究的意义,但是你也可以忽略上下文信息,因为摘要不应作为文章主要内容的介绍——你的引言将要担当这一角色。然而,你应该包括关键数值情况使信息性摘要简洁并且读者不会惊讶于在信息性摘要中看到关键数据。 2. 3. 2 An indicative abstract（p35) 一个指示性文摘 An indicative abstract (sometimes called descriptive abstract) merely includes information about the purpose, scope and methods used to