侵害优先购买权的股权转让合同效力分析.docVIP

摘　　要 未经其他股东同意放弃优先购买权而订立的股权转让合同效力争议较大，该问题也一直是学界争议的焦点和实务的难点，目前主要有无效论、可撤销论以及不生效论、有效论、附条件生效论等观点。本文首先阐述了有限责任公司股权转让涉及到的基本问题，其次借助近年必威体育精装版案例，集中阐述了优先购买权的性质、条件行使程序，以期追根溯源，明晰违反优先购买权行使规定的股权转让合同之效力。最终，笔者认为该合同效力应为可撤销, 因其能较好地兼顾有限责任公司人合性和资合性之间的冲突,有利于平衡股权转让合同双方以及当事人以及老股东的利益。 关键词：股权转让； 优先购买权；合同效力 Abstract Availability of the shares transfer in Limited Liability Company is an integral part of company law. However, it is tanglesome in business practice and there are great disputes in the legal effect of the contract when it comes to violations of preemptive rights of shareholders. The paper focuses on pre-emptive right to buy shares and its related concept and connotation.and it is mainly divided into four sections. First, the shares transfer`s connotation and operating principles are discussed. Second, based on the effective judgements on Fosun Internationa Limited, the violations of preemptive rights of shareholders are discussed. Third, the legal effect of such contracts are analyzed according to the presumption legal nature of the Company Law 72. Finally, the author argues that the contract of share transfer shall be avoidable even if a shareholder sells his shares to a buyer without informing other existing shareholders. The main innovation of the paper is the practical and effectie thinking path from practical perspective. Key words: shares transfer; pre-emptive right to buy shares; the legal effect of contract 引 论 公司股权纠纷包含内容广泛，司法实践中分类主要有：股东出资纠纷、股权确认纠纷、股权转让纠纷、股东权利纠纷、公司治理纠纷等。其中股权转让纠纷是指股权在转让的过程中所发生的纠纷的总称，包括股东之间转让股权的纠纷，以及股东与非股东之间转让股权的纠纷，且逐步成为公司法案件的主要类型之一。诸如利益争夺、政府职能的错误和地方保护主义的存在、国有股和法人股不能流通及不完善的法人治理结构、盲目购并和动机不良购并法制、法规不完善、信息披露不充分等均会引起股权纠纷。 同时，相较于股份有限股份，股权转让纠纷在有限责任公司中更为集中。考察国内外立法实践，可以明显看出有限责任公司股权转让受到一定程度的限制，包括类似于我国股东优先购买权方面的限制规则。 如何合理把握限制的“度”，实现转让股东和剩余股东之间的利益平衡，是有限责任公司股权转让限制制度建构的焦点。 通过阅读相关文献，笔者发现关于有限责任公司股权转让法律效力的问题主要涉及以下几个方面：违反法定程序订立的股权转让合同的效力问题；名义出资股权的转让问题；附生效条件股权转让合同的效力问扭；瑕疵股权转让的效力（瑕疵股权是指取得时未出资或者出资不足乃至抽逃出资的股权）；公司章程对股权转让的规定限制等等不一而足，可谓“百花齐放”。 鉴于股权转让纠纷内容着实庞杂，而笔者