第六节缔约过失责任(culpaincontrahendo).pptVIP

第六节 缔约过失责任（culpa in contrahendo） 缔约过失责任的概念： 又称“先契约责任”（precontractual liability），是指在缔约过程中，有过错的一方当事人违反基于诚实信用原则产生的先契约义务，使对方当事人遭受损害时，依法所承担的损害赔偿责任。 《合同法》§42 当事人在订立合同过程中有下列情形之一，给对方造成损失的，应当承担损害赔偿责任： （一）假借订立合同，恶意进行磋商； （二）故意隐瞒与订立合同有关的重要事实或者提供虚假情况； （三）有其他违背诚实信用原则的行为。 2002年1月1日施行《德国债法现代化法》§311： ……2、包含第241条第2款规定的义务的债务关系，也可因下列行为成立： 1）开始合同谈判； 2）为订立合同做准备，在准备过程中，一方着眼于可能发生的法律行为上的关系，使对方有可能对自己的权利、法益和利益产生影响，或者将自己的权利、法益和利益托付给对方；或者 3）建立类似的交易关系。 3、包含第241条第2款规定的义务的债务关系，也可以相对于不应该成为合同当事人的人产生。此种债务关系，特别是产生于第三人在特别的程度上付出了自己的信赖，因此对合同的谈判或合同的订立具有明显影响的情形。 一、缔约过失责任的产生 产生于德国判例 Leading case——Linoleum－fall case of 1911 in Germany RGZ 78,239,Judgment of 7 December 1911, VI.Division: The plaintiff and her daughter had entered a department store in order to buy a Linoleum floor-cover.While she was inspecting various samples she was injured by Linoleum rolls which had been carelessly handled by an employee of the department store.The intended contract of sale was not concluded.The plaintiff claimed damages from the person in charge of the department store. The Imperial Court: ‘A legal relationship preparatory to the contract of sale’ had come into existence when the parties had entered into contractual negotiations.This legal relationship was ‘similar to a contract in character’ and had given rise to obligations insofar as both parties had been under a duty to observe due diligence for the health and property of each other when presenting and inspecting the carpets. 对此判决的进一步分析： 依照当时《德国民法典》第823、831条，受害人可以请求商店的侵权责任； 依照《德国民法》第831条第一款第2句，商店在挑选店员以及指示辅助人处理事务时，尽到必要的注意的，商店可以免责； 应由店员承担赔偿责任，但店员无赔偿能力； 确认缔约过失责任，应由商店承担赔偿。 RGZ 91,21,Judgment of 5 October 1917, Ⅲ.Division: The plaintiff,a civil servant working for railways,was transferred and moved,with his family,into a new dwelling supplied to him by his employer,the State.Soon afterwards his daughter,the co-plaintiff, contracted tuberculosis.The disease resulted from the fact that the flat had not been disinfected,even though the previous inhabitant and su