生物质能的应用及的研究进展.pdfVIP

生物质能的应用及研究进展 李 磊，王彬彬 （南京工业大学环境学院，南京 210000） 摘要：在概述国内发展清洁能源现状的基础上，本文综述了四种比较常见的生物质能源——生物制氢、生物柴油、 燃料酒精和厌氧发酵生物质能的研究和开发进展。列举了两大类产氢的微生物，给出了酶法产氢等五种生物制氢 方法。分析了生物柴油相对于普通柴油的优良性能，指出酯交换法等六种生物柴油制备方法。比较了发展固体发 酵和液体发酵制备燃料酒精的优劣，提出了纤维素酶的改进方法。列出厌氧发酵的研究方向，最后分析了我国未 来生物质能的发展战略以及生物质能开发利用的广阔前景。 关键词：生物制氢；生物柴油；燃料酒精；厌氧发酵 The Research Progress and Application of Clean Energy LI Lei ，WANG Binbin (College of Environment, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing 210000, China) Abstract: In an overview of the development based on clean energy in China, this article reviews four of the common biomass energy——the research and the development progress of biological hydrogen production, biodiesel, fuel alcohol and anaerobic fermentation. Listed two kinds of microorganisms to produce the hydrogen, given five kinds of biological hydrogen production methods, for example the method to product hydrogen by enzymatic. Analyzed of biodiesel compared to petroleum diesel in excellent performance, pointed six ways to product biodiesel, such as transesterification. Compared with the advantages and disadvantages of developing the solid fermentation and liquid fermentation, proposed the improved methods of cellulose. Listed the research direction of anaerobic fermentation. Analyzed China’s future development strategy of biomass energy and the broad prospects of developing and using biomass energy. Keywords: biological hydrogen production, biodiesel, fuel alcohol, anaerobic fermentation 我国经济快速发展和人民生活水平逐步提高对能源提出巨大的需求，根据大量新的统计数据预测，至 2020 年，中国电力装机将从现有的4 亿千瓦上升到 11 亿千瓦；至2050 年将上升到至少25 亿千瓦。如此 巨大的电力能源需求将不能期望由化石能源来解决，而只能寄希望于可再生资源。中国现有的基本能源包 括煤炭、石油和天然气、水能、核能等（其中火力发电占80%，水电占5% ）。按 2020 年电力将达到的预