儿科学raquo;理论课教学大纲（五年制）.docVIP

?儿科学?理论课教学大纲（五年制） 一、课程简介 儿科学是一门研究小儿生长发育规律、提高小儿身心健康水平和疾病防治质量的医学科学。它的服务对象是体格和智能处于不断生长发育中的小儿，其生理、病理等方面都与成人有所不同，而且具有动态的特点。 儿科学的任务是不断探索儿科医学理论并在实践中总结经验，提高疾病防治水平，降低儿童发病率和死亡率，增强儿童体质，保障儿童健康，提高中华民族的整体素质。 儿科学的范围：凡是涉及小儿时期健康和卫生的问题都属于儿科学的范围。按其工作性质，可分为预防儿科学、发育儿科学和临床儿科学即儿科诊疗学。 由于小儿生长发育过程中有一定的阶段性特点，因此儿科学又发展形成了以年龄划分为特征的新专业，如围产医学、新生儿学以及青春期医学等。 除了在专业上愈分愈细、愈来愈深入以外，实践证明儿童的许多健康问题还需与社会学、教育学、心理学、护理学、流行病学和医学统计学等学科密切合作才能得以解决，因此，今后多学科的协作势在必行。此外要实现保障和促进儿童健康的目的，普及科学知识也是重要的一环。 儿科学的研究和服务对象是小儿。整个小儿阶段一直是处在不断生长发育的过程中，年龄愈小与成人的差别愈大，绝非成人的缩影。因其在解剖、生理生化、病理、免疫、营养代谢、疾病种类、临床表现、诊断过程、治疗方法、预后判断及预防方面均有其特点，因此在实际工作中掌握各个年龄期小儿的特点是非常重要的。 本大纲适用于临床医学专业本科教学。 　 Pediatrics is a study of growth and development of children and a branch of medical science dealing with prevention and treatment of children’s diseases aiming at improving their physical and mental health. Its most significant characteristic lies in the fact that it deals with the growth and development of the child, comprising all those changes in size and form and in complexity of function that makes up growing, which are all different from adults. Pediatricians’ task is to constantly explore the theory of pediatrics and summarize experience through practice so as to improve disease control and treatment, decrease childrens incidence and mortality caused by diseases, strengthen children’s physical constitution, and protect children’s well-being so as to improve the all-around development of Chinese people. The scope of pediatrics covers anything related to childrens health and hygiene ranging from birth to adolescence and can be divided into prophylactic pediatrics, developmental pediatrics and clinical pediatrics in accordance with its working focus. It is also classified into perinatal medicine, neonatology and adolescence medicine through age, according to some phrase characteristics of childrens growth and development. Pediatrics is indepthly classified, apart from which practice also proves that many childrens health problems can not be solved witho