农民工子女义务教育阶段入学政策的演变和发展--以北京市为例.pdfVIP

摘 要 专门针对农民工子女的入学政策从 1996 年最初提出，至今已有 12 年的时 间，这期间出台的相关政策的变化及问题都很值得我们关注和探讨。 农民工子女入学政策的演变大致经历了三个阶段。第一个阶段是政策空白 期（1986 年-1996 年）。这个时期国家没有针对农民工子女出台专门的政策；第 二个阶段是萌芽发展期（1996 年-2003 年）。这一时期“两为主”的政策初步确 立；第三个阶段是逐步完善期（2003 年到现在）。这一时期“两为主”的政策 走向成熟，国家取消了借读费，农民工子女的入学状况也大大改善。 农民工子女入学政策演变的特点是：“两为主”政策的内涵不断丰富，农民 工子女入学政策逐步走向法制化，农民工子女入学政策弱化了户籍制的影响， 农民工子女入学政策促成教育经费属地化。 政策在演变过程中出现的问题是：流入地政府教育经费问题；教育移民问 题；流入地政府管理积极性问题；打工子弟学校问题。针对这些问题本文提出 的政策建议是：在中央设立农民工子女义务教育专项基金；改革户籍制度；以 常住人口为衡量标准评估当地教育水平；正确认识、引导打工子弟学校的发展。 关键词：农民工子女；入学政策；义务教育 1 Abstract Enrollment policy special for migrant workers’ children was first introduced in 1996,till now it is 12 years long. During this period the changes and questions of relevant policy are worthy of our attention and study. The evolvement of enrollment policy of migrant workers’ children has generally undergone three stages.The first stage is a blank period(1986-1996).During this period the Government has not introduced any special policy for migrant workers’ children; The second stage is the budding period of development(1996-2003).During this period,the two main policy was initially established; The third stage is the period of gradual improvement(from 2003 till now).During this period, the two main policy become mature. The Government abolished all kinds of fees. The enrollment situation of migrant workers’ children has also been greatly improved. The evolvement of enrollment policies against migrant workers’ children reflects following characteristics: The content ofthe two main p