影响粗大运动发育的因素及异常发育-Factors affecting gross motor development and abnormal development-1729214510360.pptxVIP

影响粗大运动发育的因素及异常发育Factorsaffectinggrossmotordevelopmentandabnormaldevelopment

Factorsaffectinggrossmotordevelopment影响粗大运动发育的因素1.abnormaldevelopment异常发育2.·CONTENTS·

Factorsaffectinggrossmotordevelopment影响粗大运动发育的因素1PART

1.家族遗传因素：有些小儿会有暂时性运动发育障碍和迟缓，家族中也有类似的病史，由遗传因素所致，原因尚不明确。随着年龄的增长，运动发育最终会达到正常。1.Familygeneticfactors:somechildrenwillhavetemporarymotordevelopmentdisorderandretardation,andthereisasimilarhistoryinthefamily,whichiscausedbygeneticfactors,andthereasonisnotclear.Withthegrowthofage,motordevelopmentwilleventuallyreachnormal.

2.环境因素：由于不正确的教养方式、缺乏运动及锻炼的机会，会造成运动发育落后。如1岁左右的小儿鞋底很滑或很硬，会影响学习走路；我国习惯将婴幼儿的双手包在被中，这可能是我国儿童伸手抓物的时间明显低于西方同龄儿童的重要原因。2.Environmentalfactors:duetoincorrectupbringing,lackofsportsandexerciseopportunities,sportsdevelopmentwilllagbehind.Forexample,thesolesofchildrenabout1yearoldareveryslipperyorhard,whichwillaffecttheirlearningtowalk;InChina,itiscustomarytowrapthehandsofinfantsinquilt,whichmaybeanimportantreasonwhychildreninChinaspendlesstimegraspingthingsthanchildrenofthesameageintheWest.

3.智力落后：大多数精神发育迟滞的小儿运动发育较正常儿童延迟，与学习、建立和巩固运动功能及技巧迟缓有关，也与肌张力偏低有关。3.Mentalretardation:themotordevelopmentofmostchildrenwithmentalretardationislaterthanthatofnormalchildren,whichisrelatedtotheslowlearning,establishmentandconsolidationofmotorfunctionandskills,andalsotothelowmuscletension.

4.神经肌肉疾病：常表现为行走发育落后，有些疾病最终丧失运动能力。如进行性肌营养不良最先出现的异常是粗大运动发育落后，脊髓性肌萎缩症运动发育落后非常明显。各类代谢疾病除有运动功能障碍外，都有特征性的临床表现和实验室检查结果。4.Neuromusculardisease:itisoftenmanifestedasbackwarddevelopmentofwalking,andsomediseaseseventuallylosetheabilityofmovement.Forexample,thefirstabnormalityofprogressivemusculardystrophyisgrossmotorretardation,andthemotorretardationofspinalmuscularatrophyisveryobvious.Inadditiontodyskinesia,allkindsofmetabolicdiseaseshavecharacteristicclinicalmanifest