英语被动语态总结.docxVIP

英语被动语态总结与练习 一、被动语态的构成形式 被动语态的基本时态变化 被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式, 被动语态由“be＋过去分词”构成，be 随时态的变化而变化。以 do 为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为： am/is/are +done (过去分词) 一般现在时 Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits. has /have been done 现在完成时 All the preparations for the task have been completed, and were ready to start. am/is /are being done 现在进行时 A new cinema is being built here． was/were done 一般过去时 I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer. had been done 过去完成时 By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing. was/were being done 过去进行时 A meeting was being held when I was there. shall/will be done 一般将来时 Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes. should/would be done 过去将来时 The news would be sent to the soldiers mother as soon as it arrived. shall/will have been done 将来完成时（少用） The project will have been completed before July. should/would have been done 过去将来完成时（少用） He told me that his new clothes would have been made very soon. 被动语态的特殊结构形式 带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。 The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter. 有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在 谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。 His mother gave him a present for his birthday.可改为 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday. 当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。 Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改为 The boy was caught smoking a cigarette. 在使役动词 have, make, get 以及感官动词 see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe 等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式 to 要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加 to。 Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改为 A stranger was seen to walk into the building. 有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词＋介词”，“动词＋副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作 一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。 The meeting is to be put off till Friday. 非谓语动词的被动语态 +ing 形式及不定式 to do 也有被动语态(一般时态和完成时态) 。 I dont like being laughed at in the public. 二、 如何使用被动语态 学习被动语态时，不仅要知道被动语态的各种语法结构，还要知道在哪些情况中使用被动语态。 讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者 (这时可省 by 短语)。 My bike was stolen last night. 借助被动的动作突出动作的执行者。 I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should accep