肠道菌群和肥胖.pptxVIP

第1页/共60页肠道菌群和肥胖第2页/共60页肠道菌群和肥胖第3页/共60页肥胖的定义体重将近900磅(约400公斤)的里基(Ricky Naputi)现年39岁，是世界最重的男子之一。因为体型过于笨重而难以移动，他已经在坐落于太平洋关岛的家中躺了五年之久。肥胖病一般被定义作为有 BMI 30 以上。第4页/共60页肠道菌群和肥胖是一个新的热门话题第5页/共60页肥胖和正常人Amandine Everard Patrice D. Cani, Diabetes, obesity and gut microbiota. Best Practice Research Clinical Gastroenterology 27 (2013) 73–83.第6页/共60页史氏甲烷短杆菌和肥胖为了确定肠道菌群的改变和验证人体肠道中的乳杆菌或双歧杆菌是否与肥胖或消瘦相关，我们采用定量PCR和乳杆菌选择性培养基分析了68位肥胖志愿者和47位对照的粪便菌群中硬壁菌、拟杆菌、乳酸乳球菌、动物双歧杆菌和若干乳杆菌种的数量。结果：定量PCR试验中，动物双歧杆菌(OR=0.63; 95% CI 0.39-1.01; P=0.056)和史氏甲烷短杆菌(OR=0.76; 95% CI 0.59-0.97; P=0.03)与正常体重相关，而罗伊氏乳杆菌(OR=1.79; 95% CI 1.03-3.10; P=0.04)与肥胖相关。Million M, et al., Obesity-associated gut microbiota is enriched in Lactobacillus reuteri and depleted in Bifidobacterium animalis and Methanobrevibacter smithii.Int J Obes (Lond). 2011 Aug 9.第7页/共60页产甲烷肥胖的人有较高的身体质量指数58人，BMI显着较高的甲烷阳性者（45.2±2.3公斤/米2）比甲烷阴性（38.5±0.8公斤/米2，P= 0.001）。甲烷阳性者也有更大程度的便秘与甲烷相比，阴性者（21.3±6.4比9.5±2.4，P?= .043）。多元回归分析说明了BMI甲烷之间有显着的关系。结论：这是人类第一次有研究表明，较高浓度的甲烷检测呼气测试是预测显着更大的肥胖超重者。B.Basseri等，肝脏病杂志胃肠病学杂志，2012年1月8（1）：22-28美国Cedars-Sinai 医学中心第8页/共60页肠道菌群致肥胖原因Valentina Tremaroli Fredrik B?ckhed, Functional interactions between the gut microbiota and host metabolism. NATURE | VOL 489 | 13 SEPTEMBER 2012第9页/共60页肠道菌群致肥胖原理Giulio G Muccioli, et al., The endocannabinoid system links gut microbiota to adipogenesis. Molecular Systems Biology 6: 392; p 1-15.第10页/共60页肠道菌群致肥胖原理JOHN K. DIBAISE, et al., Gut Microbiota and Its Possible Relationship With Obesity. Mayo Clin Proc. 2008;83(4):460-469.第11页/共60页Obesity is associated with phylum-level changes in the microbiota, reduced bacterial diversity and altered representation of bacterial genes and metabolic pathways. These results demonstrate that a diversity of organismal assemblages can nonetheless yield a core microbiome at a functional level, and that deviations from this core are associated with different physiological states (obese compared with lean).第12页/共60页双胞胎胖瘦菌群比较Peter J. Turnbaugh, et al., A core gut microbio