高考语法复习专题十： 虚拟语气.docxVIP

高中语法专题： 虚拟语气 一. 虚拟语气在条件句中的应用 条件句分为真实条件句与虚拟条件句。 真实条件句所表的假设是可能发生或实现的，从句与主句都用陈述语气。If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, I will go for a picnic. 　　虚拟条件句所表的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的，从句与结主句皆用虚拟语气。 ? 条件从句 主句 与现在事实相违背 过去式（动词是be用were） should / would/could/might + 动词原形 与过去事实相违背 had + 过去分词 should / would/could/might + have +过去分词 与未来事实相违背 1) should + 动词原形2) were + 动词不定式3) 过去式（动词是Be也可以用were） should / would/could/might + 动词原形 　　1. 与现在事实相违背 If it were not raining, we should go for a picnic. / If he came here, he might be able to help you. 　　2. 与过去事实相违背 She would have gone to the party if she had been invited.　　 　 　If she hadnt called me, I would have overslept this morning.　　 　　3. 与未来事实相违背 If I were to be twenty years old next year, I would take the course of French.　　 　　 （事实是：我现在已经老了，明年我学不了法语了。） 　　注意：虚拟过去式有时并不表示“不大可能实现的假设”，而是表示一种希望或不希望发生的动作。 　　If we caught the early train, we’d get there by lunch time.(表希望) 　　If we missed the train, we should have to wait an hour at the station.（表不希望） 　　 4. 混合型的条件句 （从句与主句所表的时间不一致） 　较多见的是从句用过去完成时（指过去行为），而主句用一般时（指目前状态）。 　He would pass the test if he had taken my advice．如果他（之前）听了我的劝告，他现在会通过考试。 　If I had spoken to him yesterday, I should know what to do now. 　 　注意：从句如果是If I were...，主句则可用任何时间的虚拟。 　　If I were not busy, I would have come. 假如我不忙，我就会去了。(were表过去) 　　If I were you, I would go. 假如我是你，我会去的。(were表现在) 　　 二. 连词if的省略 　　如果虚拟条件句的谓语部分有were，had和should时，可省略if，把were，had和should放到从句主语前面去，多见于书面语。 　　Had you not helped me， I should have failed.要是没有你的帮助，我就失败了。 　　Were you in my position, you would do the same. 假如你处在我的地位，你也会这样干的。 　　Should they attack us, we’ll wipe them out completely. 假如他们进攻我们，我们就把他们彻底消灭干净。 　 三. 含蓄条件句 　　虚拟条件句中的条件从句有时不表出来，只暗含在上下文中，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。含蓄条件句大体有三种情况。 　　1) 条件暗含在短语中。But for your help we couldn’t have succeeded in the experiment. (暗含在分词短词but for your help) 　　 What would I have done without you? 如没有你，我会怎么办呢？(条件暗含在介词短语without you 中) 　　 　　2) 条件暗含在上下文中。You might stay here forever. 你可以永远待在这儿。(可能暗含if