高考语法复习专题十三： 分词和独立主格结构.docxVIP

高中语法专题：分词和独立主格结构 一 分词作定语 过去分词表已完成，现在分词作定表正在进行。 falling leaves正在飘落的树叶 boiling water正在沸腾的 developing countries 发展中国家 fallen leaves 落叶 boiled water 开水 developed countries 发达国家 the rising sun 冉冉升起的太阳 a changing world 一个正在发生改变的世界 the risen sun 升起的太阳 a changed world 一个变了的世界 二 分词作状语 1.现在分词作状语，可表示时间、原因、方式、伴随、条件等。分词在句中作状语时，其逻辑主语必须是句子的主语。 1. She sat at the desk reading a newspaper. (伴随) 2. Hang Wei went to school, taking a train. (方式) 3. While reading the book, he nodded from time to time. (时间) 4. Not having received a reply, we wrote again. (原因) 5. Heating water，we can change it into vapor． (条件) 注意：①-ing形式作状语，其逻辑主语应与句子的主语一致。 ②-ing形式前可有while, when, unless, though, if等连词。 2.过去分词只有一种形式，即done，表被动。Deeply moved by the film, we all cried. 3.过去分词与V-ing作状语的区别：V-ing表示主动、进行的动作；过去分词表示被动。 Seen from a distance, the mountain looked like an elephant. / Seeing the mountain, he always thinks of his childhood. 4.注意特殊：Generally/frankly speaking... / taken as a whole(总的来讲）不考虑逻辑主语，看作为独立成分。  5 .having done / having been done 作状语时，分词的动作先于谓语动词  1)Having handed in the paper, he left the room.(分词逻辑主语与主语相同，用having done)  2)Having been given a map, we found our way easily.(分词逻辑主语与主语不同，是别人给的，用having been done)  当发现所要填非谓语为被动时，能用done就用done(除了有先后顺序(用(having done/having been done) 三 分词作状语相当于状语从句 (1) 时间状语，可换成when, while, after, before等时间状语从句。 Seeing the cat, the mouse ran off. =When [As soon as] the mouse saw the cat, it ran off. 原因状语，可换成as, because, since, now that 等原因状语从句。 Being very weak, she couldnt move.=As she was very weak, she couldn’t move. (3)条件状语，可换成if条件状语从句。 Working hard, you will succeed. =If you work hard, you will succeed. Given more time, we could have done it better. =If we had been given more time, we could have done it better. (4)让步状语，可换成though, although, no matter…等让步状语从句。 Although living miles away, he attended the cours