心血管急症英文教学课件.pptx

Cardiovascular Emergencies Objectives Describe the incidence, morbidity and mortality of coronary artery disease (CAD) Explain the pathophysiology of CAD Identify common home medications for CAD List some risk factors that predispose one to developing CAD Describe physiological effects that can occur with changes in stroke volume and heart rate. Describe preload and afterload Objectives (Cont) State the definition, etiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation and field treatment for MI angina (stable vs. unstable) aortic aneurysm (thoracic and abdominal) hypertensive emergencies acute arterial occlusion cardiogenic shock Objectives (Cont) Formulate a field impression, given a patient with clinical signs and symptoms Identify the major blood vessels that supply blood to the myocardium Describe the clinical significance of unequal arterial BP readings in both arms MORBIDITY MORTALITY Leading cause of death in America 39.4% of all deaths ( 1 in 2.5 deaths) 150,000 Americans killed by CAD are under 65 Estimated 1.1 million Americans will have new or recurrent coronary attacks this year 250,000 die without being hospitalized (sudden cardiac death, SCD) Major Vessels of the Heart The major arteries most commonly occluded are: Left coronary artery Left marginal artery Circumflex artery Right coronary artery Coronary artery disease (CAD) Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) Atherosclerosis Arteriosclerosis CAD (Cont) A gradual or partial occlusion of the lumen supplying blood to a certain area of the heart can cause ischemia (Angina) A sudden or complete occlusion of the lumen supplying blood to a certain area of the heart causes a myocardial infarction (MI)  MODIFIABLE RISK FACTORS Hypertension Sedentary Lifestyle Smoking Obesity Hypercholesterolemia  Heredity Advancing age Gender Diabetes Mellitus UNMODIFIABLE RISK FACTORS This is a microscopic view of a fully opened artery with no occlusion or disease processes. This is a microscopic view of an a