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　　外文文献翻译 　　原文及译文 　　标 题 ： ENHANCING APPLICATION PERFORMANCEUSING MINI-APPS: COMPARISON OF HYBRID 　　PARALLEL PROGRAMMING PARADIGMS 　　作者： Gary Lawson Michael Poteat Masha Sosonkina RobertBaurle 　　期刊： Computer Science 　　年份： 2016 　　原文 　　ENHANCING APPLICATION PERFORMANCE USING MINI-APPS: 　　COMPARISON OF HYBRID PARALLEL PROGRAMMINGPARADIGMS 　　Gary Lawson Michael Poteat Masha Sosonkina Robert BaurleABSTRACT 　　In many fields, real-world applications for High PerformanceComputing have already been developed. For these applications to stayup-to-date, new parallel strategies must be explored to yield the bestperformance; however, restructuring or modifying a real-worldapplication may be daunting depending on the size of the code. In thiscase, a mini-app may be employed to quickly explore such optionswithout modifying the entire code. In this work, several mini-apps havebeen created to enhance a real-world application performance, namely theVULCAN code for complex flow analysis developed at the NASALangley Research Center. These mini-apps explore hybrid parallelprogramming paradigms with Message Passing Interface (MPI) fordistributed memory access and either Shared MPI (SMPI) or OpenMP forshared memory accesses. Performance testing shows that MPI+SMPIyields the best execution performance, while requiring the largest numberof code changes. A maximum speedup of 23 was measured forMPI+SMPI, but only 10 was measured for MPI+OpenMP. 　　Keywords: Mini-apps, Performance, VULCAN, Shared Memory, MPI,OpenMP 　　1 INTRODUCTION 　　In many fields, real-world applications have already been developed. 　　For established applications to stay up-to-date, new parallel strategiesmust be explored to determine which may yield the best performance,especially with advances in computing hardware. However, restructuringor modifying a real-world application incurs increased cost depending onthe size of the code and changes to be made. A mini-app may be createdto quickly explore such options without modifying