肌肉骨骼系统的检查ppt课件.ppt

Assessment of the  Musculo-Skeletal System Dr –Essmat Gemaey 230 NUR Outlines Review of Anatomy and physiology of musculoskeletal system Physical Exam Inspection Palpation ROM (Rang of motion) Objectives Apply knowledge of Anatomy and physiology of musculoskeletal system Differentiate between normal and abnormal Implement physical assessment What do muscles do ? Muscles simply move you! Without muscles you couldnt open your mouth, speak, shake hands, walk, talk, or move your food through your digestive system. There would be no exploring, running, climbing, smiling, blinking, breathing. You couldnt move anything inside or outside you. The fact is, without muscles, you wouldnt be alive for very long  The skeleton is the name given to the collection of bones that holds our body up. Our skeleton is very important to us. It does three major jobs. 1. It protects our vital organs such as the brain, the heart, and the lungs. 2. It gives us the shape that we have. Without our skeleton we would just be a blob of blood and tissue on the floor. 3. It allows us to move. Because our muscles are attached to our bones, when our muscles move, they move the bones, and we move Physical Exam Inspection Observe any lack of symmetry and any evidence of trauma or disease. Look for muscle wasting; Inspect the joint contour (shape) and observe any evidence of swelling, deformity or inflammation. Ask the client to point to, or otherwise identify, any painful areas, including sites of radiation of pain. Screening questions for musculoskeletal disorders 1. Do you have any pain or stiffness in your arms, legs or back?2. Can you walk up and down stairs without difficulty?3. Can you dress yourself in everyday clothes without any difficulty? Assessment of Gait  Ask the patient to walk back and forth across the room. Observe for equality of arm swing , balance and rapidity and ease of turning. Next, ask the patient to walk on his tiptoes, then on heels