对抗制的历史演进及成因-法学理论专业论文.docxVIP

I I 摘 要 在当代社会两大法系的背景下，总体来说存在着两种诉讼模式——当事人主 义与职权主义，即对抗制与职权制。诉讼是一种对抗性的活动，对抗的动力和目 的则是充分保护自身利益。对抗制是作为一种诉讼制度，其本质特征是在诉讼中 进行法律规范下的对抗。 不同的历史背景和文化气息造就了大陆法系与英美法系大相径庭的诉讼模 式，对抗制萌芽于古罗马时期，在英国得到完善发展，历经 12 世纪到 19 世纪长 期司法经验的积累，并伴随诸多相关制度不断完善，对英美法系其他国家产生了 广泛而深远的影响。对抗制在英美法系大为流行，被许多人认为是保障个人自由 不受国家权力恣意侵犯的重要手段，1996 年我国刑事诉讼法开始吸收对抗因素， 对刑事审判方式进行改革，正式开始了向对抗制方向的改革。当然，在实践的过 程中也出现了各种各样的问题。本文主要拟从对抗制的演进历程入手，在社会背 景下以法理学的视角分析对抗制形成、发展的原因与条件，以及对我国司法改革 的借鉴意义。 关键词：对抗制；历史演进；成因；司法改革；启示 II II Abstract With the background of two law systems of contemporary society, in general, there are two modes of litigation in existence— party doctrine and authority doctrine, that is, adversary system and inquisitorial system. Litigation is a confrontational activity, its motivation and objective is to fully protect one ’s own interests. As a litigation system, the essence of adversary system is confrontation under the regulations of law. Different historical background and cultural atmosphere bring up the striking difference between continental legal system and Anglo-American legal system. Adversary system originated from ancient Roman, improved and developed in Britain. From 12th century to 19th century, through the long period of judicial practice, and along with constantly improvements of many related systems, adversary system exerts a profound influence on many countries within the Anglo-American legal system. It has become widely popular in the Anglo-American legal system, and is regarded as an important tool for ensuring individual freedom from being violated by the state power. In 1996, adversary system began to adopt by China ’s Criminal Law; the criminal trial reform has been carried out since then. Without doubt, there are various problems during the reform process. Under the perspective of jurisprudence, and started with the historical evolution of adversary system, this thesis tried to analyze its cause of formation, reasons and conditions of development, and the instructive meani