宾语从句7.13.docVIP

宾语从句 直接引语和间接引语 1.定义和用法：直接引述别人的话，叫“直接引语”；用自己的话转述别人的话，叫“间接引语”。间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。直接引语一般前后要加引号，间接引语不用引号。例如， Jim said,“I can finish my work before supper.”(直接引语) 吉姆说；“我能在晚饭前完成工作。” Jim said that he could finish his work before supper. (间接引语) 吉姆说他能在晚饭前完成工作。 1）人称变化 .直接引语变为间接引语时，人称和时态要发生变化： 有一句顺口溜“一随主。二随宾，第三人称不更新”。“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如： She said. My brother wants to go with me.”→She said her brother wanted to go with her. “二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。或被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称，如： He said to Kate. How is your sister now?→He asked Kate how her sister was then。 “第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如： Mr. Smith said。 Jack is a good worker。→Mr. Smith said Jack was a good worker。 2) 时态变化（当主句是过去时时，从句的时态要变成相应的过去时态）： 一般现在时变成一般过去时。例如， 直接引语：She said,?“ I am mad at Lucy.” 间接引语：She said she was mad at Lucy. 现在进行时变成过去进行时。例如， 直接引语：“I am watching TV,” she said. 间接引语：She said she was watching TV. 直接引语：The boy said,“I go swimming every day.” 间接引语：The boy told me that he was doing some washing. 一般将来时变成过去将来时。例如， 直接引语：Tom said,“I am going to school early tomorrow.” 间接引语：Tom said he was going to school the next day. 情态动词变成相应的过去式。例如， 直接引语：She said,“I can speak English.” 间接引语：She said she could speak English. 直接引语为客观真理时，间接引语时态不变，仍用一般现在时。例如， 直接引语：The teacher told,“The moon moves round the earth.” 间接引语：The teacher told us the moon moves round the earth. 直接引语为一般过去时并且与具体时间状语连用时，间接引语仍用一般过去时。例如， 直接引语：She said,“I went to England in 1998.” 间接引语：She said she went to England in 1998. 指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化： 直接引语 间接引语 指示代词 this that that those 时间状语 now today tonight this week two years ago tomorrow next year then that day that night that week two years ago the next/following day the next year 地点状语 here There 动词 come bring go take 3.句式变化： 1）陈述句变间接引语时，用that连接。例如， She said,“I am a girl.” She said that she was a girl. (that可以省略) 2) 一般疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句变间接引语时，要用陈述语气，并要加连词if或wheth