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The Dutch sustainable building policy: A model for developing countries?(3) Luciana Melchert Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism, University of Sa?o Paulo, Rua do Lago, 876, CEP 05508.900, Sa ?o Paulo SP, Brazil Received 14 July 2005; received in revised form 19 September 2005; accepted 14 October 2005. Abstract This article explores the institutionalization of environmental policies in the Dutch building sector and the applicability of the current model to developing countries. First, it analyzes the transition of sustainable building practices in the Netherlands from the 1970s until today, exploring how these were originally embedded in a discourse on ‘de-modernization’, which attempted to improve the environmental performance of building stocks by means of self-sufficient technologies, whereas nowadays they adopt a framework of?ecological modernization’, with integrative approaches seeking to improve the environmental performance of building stocks through more efficient—rather than self-sufficient—technologies. The study subsequently shows how the current Dutch sustainable building framework has thereby managed to achieve a pragmatic and widely accepted rationale, which can serve to orient the ecological restructuring of building stocks in developing countries. r2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Sustainable building; Sustainable urban development; De-modernization; Ecological modernization 5. Sustainable building in developing countries: lessons from the Dutch mode This article has so far analyzed the process through which environmental policies and practices have been introduced and implemented in the Dutch building sector. In this conclusive section, the status of sustainable building policies and practices in developing countries is assessed, before the lessons these countries can draw from the Dutch experienced are commented upon. Despite differences in climatic, cultural and economic contexts, there are many similarities between develope