用户界面设计与评测Chapter2.pptVIP

User-Centered Design and Testing Chapter 2 User-Centered Design Contents 2.1 Task Analysis 2.2 Iterative Design 2.3 WIMP Interface 2.1 Task Analysis User Task Analysis First step of user-centered design User analysis: who is the user? Task analysis: what does the user need to do? Know the User Who are they? Age, gender, ethnicity Education Physical abilities General computer experience Skills (typing? Reading?) Domain experience Work environment and other social context Relationships and communication patterns Multiple Classes of Users Many applications have several kinds of users Character process Web design Example: Olympic Message System Athletes Friends family Telephone operators Sysadmins Olympic Message System Design a computer system for thousands of people Probably have never used computer Present little or no opportunity to be trained Have no touchtone phones at home How to Do User Analysis Techniques Questionnaires Interviews Observation Obstacles Developers and users may be systematically isolated from each other Tech support shields developers from users Some users are expensive to talk to Doctors, executives Example: Self-Service Grocery Checkout Example: Self-Service Grocery Checkout Who are the users? Grocery shoppers Wide range of ages(10-80) Physical abilities (height, mobility, strength) No computer experience No training: walk up and use Knowledge of food, but not about supermarket inventory techniques Supermarket shoppers often ask each other for help finding things Example: Self-Service Grocery Checkout Major user classes Family shopping is often done by women, often accompanied by small children Store clerks who need to help shoppers Task Analysis Identify the individual tasks the program might solve Each task is a goal (what, not how) Often helps to start with overall goal of the system and then decompose it hierarchically into tasks Overall goal: Shoppers pay for their own groceries Tasks Enter groceries into register Bag groceries