物流经济学 英文第2章.pptVIP

Chapter 2 Inbound Logistics Purchasing/Procurement Manufacturing Strategy Purchasing vs. Procurement Purchasing is normally associated with a functional activity Procurement/Sourcing should be viewed as a strategic activity for the business. Purchasing vs. Sourcing (cont’d) Supplier Development Through Procurement Importance of Sourcing In the average manufacturing firm purchased goods and services account for 55% of every sales Dollar Direct labor costs account for only about 10% of the sales dollar Procurement’s Potential Payoff Beginning Position Sales $100,000,000 Purchases(55%) 55,000,000 Labor (15%) 15,000,000 Other (22%) 22,000,000 Pre-tax profit (8%) 8,000,000 Procurement’s Potential Payoff Competing through Sourcing Quality Improvement Cost Reduction Lead Time Reduction Delivery/Service Improvement Technology Gain Shortened Concept-to-Customer Cycle Strategic Importance of Purchasing Management As purchasing have a decisive role for the revenue, cost and supply chain relationships, it is not difficult to understand purchasing management are paid more and more attention. Porter, in his value chain theory, discovered the strategic importance of the purchasing management. INDUSTRY INSIGHT SWEPT AWAY BY TENNANT Tennant was experiencing severe oil leak problems in its floor sweepers and scrubbers． Quality checks found oil leaks in 1 out of every 75 hydraulic joints，or 2 per machine． To a floor-cleaning company a sweeper that leaked oil was the equivalent of a mortal sin． Fortunately，most leaks were caught before the machines were shipped from the plant， but rework was required． In 1979， Tennant was spending about 33,000 hours on manufacturing rework， at a cost of $ 2 million or 2 percent of revenues． Investigating the cause of these quality problems revealed that purchasing was ordering hydraulic hoses and fittings from no less than 16 suppliers． Tennant switched between different suppliers based on