组织胚胎学 BLOOD.pptVIP

blood cells 的分类和计数的正常值 ★?红细胞数目和Hb 生理变化： 年龄: 婴儿成人； 生活条件：高原平原；运动安静。 贫血: RBC＜3.0 ×1012/L Hb ＜ 100 g /L EM： 嗜天青颗粒 溶菌酶 酸性磷酸酶 过氧化物酶　　　 classification: ?? 1.胸腺依赖淋巴细胞（thymus dependent lymphocyte, T细胞）－细胞免疫 ２.骨髓依赖淋巴细胞（bone marrow dependent lymphocyte, B细胞）－体液免疫 ３.自然杀伤细胞（nature killer cell, NK细胞）－非特异性杀伤作用 Summary Mammalian erythrocytes are biconcave disks without nucleus. The biconcave shape provides erythrocytes with a large surface-to-volume ratio, thus facilitating gas exchange. Blood is considered as a specialized connective tissue, consisting of blood cells and a fluid intercellular substance, the blood plasma. The blood cells include erythrocytes or red blood cells, leukocytes or white blood cells and blood platelets. If “normal” fresh blood is placed in a test-tube and allowed to stand, it soon clots. Eventually, the blood clot begins to contract and expresses as serum. In fact, serum is the plasma from which the protein fibrinogen has been removed by clotting. According to the specific granules existed in cytoplasma, leukocytes may be classified into two classes, granulocytes and agranulocytes. Based on the different specific granules in their cytoplasma, granulocytes may be further classified into neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils. Agranulocytes include lymphocytes and monocytes and they do not have specific granules. Leukocytes are involved in the cellular and humoral defense against foreign material. Platelets promote blood clotting and help repair gaps in the walls of blood vessels, preventing loss of blood. The roles of platelets include primary aggregation, secondary aggregation, blood coagulation, clot retraction and clot removal. 思考题 1. Which of the following statements is NOT true of mature erythrocytes? ２.The basis of classification of leukocytes is the 骨髓的结构和血细胞发生structure of bone marrow and Hem