物流管理之 7-12供应链.docxVIP

KelloggKellogg Graduate School of Management ■ Northwestern UniversityOperationsLogistics an Supply Chain ManagementSEVEN-ELEVEN JAPAN CO.1Established in 1973, Seven-Eleven Japan set up its first store in May 1974, in Koto-ku,Tokyo. The company was first listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange in October 1979. It is owned bythe Ito-Yokado group which also manages a chain of supermarkets in Japan and owns a majority sharein Southland, the company managing Seven-Eleven in the US. The last ten years have been a periodof phenomenal growth for Seven-Eleven Japan. Between 1985 and 1994, the number of storesincreased from 2,299 to 5,523; sales increased from 386 billion Yen to 1,282 billion Yen; Net incomeincreased from 9 billion Yen to 46 billion Yen. In 1994, Seven-Eleven Japan ranked first amongJapanese retailers in terms of ordinary profit. The return on equity (ROE) has averaged well over 20%over the last ten years. Seven-Eleven Japan is currently Japan’s largest retailer in terms of operatingincome and number of stores. In 1994, customer visits to Seven-Eleven outlets totaled 1.8 billion,which translates to every person in Japan visiting a Seven-Eleven on average 15 times a year!Company History and ProfileBoth Ito-Yokado and Seven-Eleven Japan were founded by Mr. Masatoshi Ito. He started his retailempire after the second world war, when he joined his mother and elder brother to work in a smallclothing store in Tokyo. By 1960 he was in sole control and the single store had grown into a $3million company. After a trip to the US in 1961, Ito became convinced that superstores were the waveof the future. At that time Japan was still dominated by Mom and Pop stores. Ito’s chain ofsuperstores in the Tokyo area was instantly popular and still constitutes the core of Ito-Yokado’s retailoperations.In 1972, Ito first approached the Southland Corporation about the possibility of opening Seven-Elevenconvenience stores in Japan. After rejecting his initial request, Southland agreed to