被动语态,时态,比较级,形容词短语.pptVIP

Lesson two 2008.09.24 Part One Preview Knowledge(2) Kong Nannan IV. Passive Voice 一.构成 主语+Be+及物动词的过去分词+by短语 （复合式谓语） E.g. Machines are run by electricity. 注意：be的五种基本形式p13. 二.主动句转为被动句 1）把原来宾语变为主语，主语变为by短语放在位于后面。 2）原来谓语变为be的合适形态+动词过去分词。 3）其他照抄，基本不变化。 e.g. The professor will read an important academic paper at the conference. An important academic paper wil be read by the professor at the conference. 补充： The cases where there are no passive forms 1) vi.不能变为被动态。 2) vt. — mainly expressing a state “have; afford; fit; resemble; …” e.g. We can not afford the high tuition. 3) vi + prep. — expressing a state “belong to; consist in; …” 4) vt. + n. = vi. “take place” 5)vt. + n. —expressing a passive meaning “find use [applications] (in…)”▲ 6）vt. + object —（反身代词）“myself; …” reciprocal pronoun（相互代词）“each other; …” 7）cognitive object （同源宾语） “He slept a sound sleep.” 三.翻译注意事项 （1）由、被、受、用、以、通过，有时译为是…的。 E.g. 见P14。 （2）根据汉语习惯，部分句子不采用以上几个词来翻译。 a.原句带有by短语，表示动作发出者时，把动作发出者译为句子主语。 This kind of machines can be manufactured by our factory. 我们厂能制造这种机器。 b.原句没有by短语，若译为汉语主动句的话往往可以添加“我们”，“人们”，“大家”。p16 This kind of change is called a chemical change. 我们把这种变化称为化学变化。 或者译为无主句。 In this case, a computer can be used. 在这种情况下，可以使用计算机。 四、The following points should be paid attention to. The case when a verb (such as “give, tell, assign, deny, inform, convince,…”) has two objects — A retained object (or a retained object clause★) will appear after the passive predicate. E.g. Assign each of the user a frequency band. Each of the users has been assigned a frequency band. A frequency band is assigned to each of the users. 每个用户被分配了一个频段。 Another example: That engineer gave us a lot of help. We were given a lot of help by that engineer. A lot help was given to us by that engineer. 2. The case when a phrasal verb is used vi. + preposition