unit 7 中英文的动态与静态.pptVIP

Unit 7 中英文的 动态与静态 View of Lin Tongji (林同济) “ 动词对任何语言来讲，都是重要的，在汉语中尤为突出。展开一篇汉语作品，略与英语作品相较，我们马上可以发觉：前者的动词频率，往往远远超过后者。” “最堪注意的是汉语并没有把动词的高度频率视为负担。正相反，汉语的发展方向无疑是加强动词的优势。” eg. Hard pressed by his father, John told the truth in spite of his wife’s warning. 约翰被他老子追急了，也就顾不得老婆的叮嘱，说出了真情实事。 Two Reasons: 1) Lack of prepositions and no particles at all in Chinese. 2) Chronicle style in Chinese vs. Architectural style in English Chinese language – verb advantage in usage English language – noun advantage in usage Dynamic vs. Stative eg. He is a chain-smoker of cigarettes. (stative) He smokes cigarettes one after another. (dynamic) There are white clouds in the blue sky. (stative) White clouds are floating in the blue sky. (dynamic) English: noun advantage high frequency of noun usage stative narration Chinese: verb advantage high frequency of verb usage dynamic narration Examples Analysis In the cities there were strict curfews, empty hotels, abandoned streets and office buildings, looters, trigger-happy patrols, and all the rest. (War and Remembrance, by Herman Wouk) 各处城市都严格实行宵禁，饭店旅社都已人去楼空，大街小巷行人绝迹，办公大楼门可罗雀，歹徒趁火打劫，巡逻队动辄开枪杀人。完全是一派兵荒马乱景象。 Examples Analysis 夸奖一回，奉承一回，把老太太的心都说活了。（《红楼梦》） All their praise and flattery are having some effect on the old lady. Examples Analysis 当时一个朋友对我说，北京戏最好，你不去见见世面吗？（《社戏》） A friend told me Beijing had the best opera that seeing it was an experience not to be missed. Examples Analysis 他老是说谎。 他酷爱流行音乐。 他不抽烟，也不喝酒。 他演戏演得很棒。 他文章写得很好。 他经常参观博物馆。 他最会捣乱。 Examples Analysis 从秦代到清末的二千一百多年间，哈雷彗星出现二十七次，中国都有记录。 In the 2100 years from the Qin Dynasty to the late Qing Dynasty, Halley Comet appeared 27 times and they were all recorded in China. In the 2100 years from the Qin Dynasty to the late Qing Dynasty, the 27 appearances of Halley Comet were all recorded in China. Examples Analysis 这充分说明，中国人独立自主的民族精神具有巨大的力量。 This fully testifies that the independent national spirit of the Chinese people has