水产动物营养与饲料学－双语教学课件chapter 1-5-Vitamins.ppt

Chapter 1-5 Vitamins 1. General 2. Fat-soluble vitamin 3. Water-soluble vitamin General organic compounds required in trace amounts from an exogenous source (usually the diet ) Function independent of enzymes, or in some cases such as vitamin K, may have coenzyme roles（辅酶的作用） normal growth reproduction health Vitamins are classified as fat soluble and water soluble. Fat Soluble Vitamins Vitamin A Vitamin D Vitamin E Vitamin K Water soluble vitamins primarily coenzyme functions vitamin B complex VB1 (thiamin-HCl, 硫胺素 ) VB2 (riboflavin, 核黄素) VB3 (calcium pantathenate，泛酸) VB5 (nicotinic acid， 烟酸) VB6 (pyridoxine，吡哆素) VB7, Folic acid (retinal ) VB12 (cyanocobalamin，氰钴素) choline（胆碱） inositol（肌醇） required in larger quantities and have vitamin C functions other than coenzymes (不作辅酶） (ascorbic acid ) biotransformation Choline channel catfish methyl donors (methionine) → choline ↓ ↓ ￥38.5-39.0/kg ￥5.0/kg （50%） Factors affecting the vitamin requirements (1) Size (2) Age (3) growth rates (4) various environmental factors (5) nutrient interrelationships（相互关系） fairly wide ranges in requirement values for growth in the same species (see Table 1-15) EX. Vitamin E requirement in rainbow trout Requirement Response Criteria 25IU/kg WG, absence of deficiency signs (ADS,未出现缺乏症） 30IU/kg WG, ADS 50IU/kg ascorbic acid stimulated lipid peroxidation (AASLP,维C 刺激下的脂肪过氧化） 100IU/kg maximum liver storage （MLS，肝脏最大积累量） In addition, the requirement values determined by maximum liver storage or based on certain enzyme data(表1-15中根据肝脏最大储存量或些酶的数据而测定的需求值), are often much higher than the requirement values based on weight gain and absence of deficiency signs(经常大大高于根据增重率和缺乏症而测定的数据); A summary of vitamin deficiency signs in Ap