高考语法表格.docVIP

规则名词复数 规则 例词 1 一般情况在词尾加-s map-maps, girl-girls, day-days 2 以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词后加-es class-classes,box-boxes,watch-watches, dish-dishes 3 以-f或-fe结尾的词 变-f和-fe为v再加-es 树叶半数已变黄，妻子拿刀去割粮。架后窜出一头狼, 就象强盗逃命忙。leaf-leaves, half-halves,wife-wives, knife-knives,shelf-shelves,wolf-wolves, thief-thieves，life-lifves, loaf-loaves. 加-s belief-beliefs, chief-chiefs, proof-proofs, roof-roofs, gulf-gulfs 4 以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i加-es party-parties, family-families, story-stories, city-cities 5 以元音字母加y结尾的名词，或专有名词以y结尾的，加-s toy-toys, boy-boys, day-days, ray-rays, Henry-Henrys 6 以辅音字母加-o结尾的名词 黑人英雄爱吃土豆西红柿 hero-heroes,Negro-Negroes,potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes volcano-volcanoes,echo-echoes, mosquito-mosquitoes 不规则名词复数 规则 例词 1 改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式 man-men,woman-women,foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice，ox-oxen 2 单复数相同 sheep, deer, means, fish, fruit，crossroad，li, yuan, jin, 3 只有复数形式 ashes, trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses, compasses, contents，chopsticks 4 一些集体名词总是用作复数 people, police, cattle, staff 5 部分集体名词既可以作单数（整体）也可以作复数（成员） audience, class, family, crowd, couple, group, committee, government, population, crew, team, public, enemy, party 6 复数形式表示特别含义 customs(海关), forces(军队), times(时代), spirits(情绪), drinks(饮料), sands(沙滩), papers(文件报纸), manners(礼貌), looks(外表), brains(头脑智力), greens(青菜), ruins(废墟) 7 表示“某国人” 加-s Americans, Australians, Germans, Greeks, Swedes, Europeans 单复数同形 Swiss, Chinese, Japanese 以-man或-woman结尾的为-men,-women Englishmen, Frenchwomen（中日瑞不变英法变，其余“s”加后面） 8 合成名词 将主体名词变为复数 sons-in-law, lookers-on, passers-by, story-tellers, boy friends 无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数 grown-ups, housewives, stopwatches，touch-me-nots 将两部分变为复数 women singers, men doctors 不定冠词的用法 规则 例词 1 指一类人或事，相当于a kind of A plane is a machine that can fly. 2 第一次提及某人某物，非特指 A boy is waiting for you. 3 表示“每一”相当于every，one We study eight hours a day. 4 表示“相同”相当于the same We are nearly of an age. 5 用于人名前，表示不认识此人或与某名人有类似性质的人或事 A Mr. Smith came to visit you when you were out。 6 用于固定词组中 A couple of, once