英语~定语从句.docVIP

定语从句 定语从句又称形容词从句。通常修饰名词或代词，而且一般位于该名词或代词之后。定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。 引导定语从句的词可分为两类： 关系代词：which，that，who，whom，whose（可以在句中 作主语，宾语和定语） 关系副词：when，where，why。（在句中作状语） 限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句是整个句子不可缺少的部分，它不能和先行词用逗号隔开。如果失去限制性定语从句，句子的意思就不完整或不明确。因此，在翻译时，一般把它译成定语。 Eg：A man who does not try to learn from others will be not hopeful to achieve much. 关系代词和关系副词的用法 关于关系代词： that： 人， 事 ，物 Who：人 Which：事，物 Whom： 人。（作宾语时，可省略。） Whose：人，事，物（作定语） Eg：The road which /that leads to the small town has been widened.(在从句中作主语，指物) Eg：The students who/that study hard are usually successful.( 在从句中作主语，指人) Eg: The building whose roof we can see from here is the headquarters of the U.N.( 在从句中作定语，指物) Eg：The man whom/who/that you are talking to is the dean of our department.( 在从句中作宾语，指人，可省略) 注：1）关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句中谓语动词的人称和数必须与先行词保持一致。如上面的第一句。在句子中先行词是road，是第三人称单数，所以从句中谓语动词用leads。 2，在用whom 引导的定语从句中，若前面不带介词，可用who代替whom，如上面第四句话。 只能用that，that可省略的情况： 先行词为all，everything，nothing，anything，something，little，much，more等不定代词。 Eg：All (that) she lacked was training. Eg: Everything (that) we saw at the exhibition was of great interest. 当先行词前面有序数词或是形容词最高级修饰时。 Eg: The first thing (that) you have to do is to register. Eg: This is the most exciting game (that) I have ever seen. 当先行词前面有the last，the next，the only ，the every 修饰时。 Eg:This is the last book (that) you can choose . 当先行词为人和物的混合体时。 Eg: Watch the girl and her dog (that) are crossing the bridge. 关系副词引出的定语从句 When：指时间，可用that代替，并可省略。When=介词+which Where：指地点，where=介词+which Why：指原因，可用that代替，并可省略。Why=for+which Eg：In the days when black and white TV sets were so widely used, no one realized how soon color TV sets would replace them.(when=during which) Eg:Do you know the reason why things don’t fall off the earth?(why=for+which) 介词+which/whom引出的定语从句 这种定语从句在修饰人时，介词后只用whom，修饰物时只用which，不能用that Eg:The man with whom I share the room is a young teacher fresh from college. Eg:This is the shelf on which I keep my books. 注：当介词位于定语从句句末时，作为介词宾语的which和whom仍可改用that，