公共经济学课程讲座.pptVIP

公共经济学 郭庆旺 （qwguo@263.net） 中国人民大学财政金融学院 2006年11月7日 公共经济学课程 一、本课程的逻辑与内容 二、需要说明的几个问题 三、公共经济学前沿问题 一、本课程的逻辑与内容 二、需要说明的几个问题 （一）公共经济学是一门新兴学科 （研究的对象未变，只是理论的充实、内容的扩展、方法的更新） （二）公共财政（学）、财政（学）、公共（部门）经济学 Public Finance Government Finance —————————————————经济学流派与本学科发展 Public Economics Public Sector Economics （三）望文生义拓展内容 本教材的内容可增减：增—政府管制，国有企业经济学；减—税制改革； 合—第6章的公债部分与第11章的财政赤字 （四）公共经济学依据的基础理论 罗森、斯蒂格利茨、鲍德威；布朗、Cullis Jones （五）内容安排与课程衔接 原则：1）与经济学衔接，2）向公共管理专业靠拢；3）照顾其他财政课程（因校制宜） （六）授人予渔，培养能力 研究型与应用型在本课程上不矛盾；发现、认识、解决问题的能力 三、公共经济学前沿问题 （一）理论前沿 研究重点： 支出：社会保险、教育、卫生、环境保护 税收：对风险、对公司融资政策的影响以及在经济增长背景下分析税收问题 ，如何利用税收规定（比如投资抵免和折旧备抵）等反周期的方式来刺激企业投资 财政分权 （二）政策前沿 effectiveness of fiscal stabilization policy fiscal sustainability fiscal adjustment non-Keynesian effects of fiscal policy fiscal rules fiscal theory of price level The Frontiers of Fiscal Policy 1. Background After a period of prominence in the 1960s,the view that fiscal stabilization policies should be used to actively smooth business cycles fell out of favor among many policymakers and academic economists over the next two decades. Indeed, in many countries, short-run economic stabilization was often overshadowed by longer run objectives of restoring price stability and fiscal balance. Over time, a new view emerged that fiscal policy had little or no short-run stabilization role, and monetary policy, while it could be used for stabilization purpose, should give priority to maintaining price stability. Recently, however, these has been increased interest in and more active use of discretionary, counter-cyclical fiscal policy in a number of countries, most notably in Japan and the U.S.. At the same time, considerable controversy has surrounded the use of this policy as policymakers have been criticized both for policy actions taken in some situations and for the lack of action in other situations. 2. About the effectiveness of fiscal stabilization policy 1) the basic conclusion—— there is little evidence that (the effects of di