经济学原理概要1.docVIP

If a country has a comparative advantage, then the domestic price will be below the world price, and the country will be an exporter of the good. If the country does not have a comparative advantage, then the domestic price will be higher than the world price, and the country will be an importer of the good. 如果一个国家有比较优势，那么 国内价格将比世界价格低， 这个国家就会是该物品的出口国。 如果一个国家没有比较优势，那么 国内价格将比世界价格高， 这个国家就会是该物品的进口国。 THE WINNERS AND LOSERS FROM TRADE The analysis of an exporting country yields two conclusions: Domestic producers of the good are better off, and domestic consumers of the good are worse off. Trade raises the economic well-being of the nation as a whole. 自由贸易的赢家和输家 当一国允许贸易并成为一种物品的出口国时，该物品的国内生产者状况变好，而该物品的国内消费者状况变坏。 贸易增加了一国的整体经济福利。 International Trade in an Importing Country If the world price of steel is lower than the domestic price, the country will be an importer of steel when trade is permitted. domestic consumers will want to buy steel at the lower world price. domestic producers of steel will have to lower their output because the domestic price moves to the world price. 进口国的国际贸易 如果世界价格低于国内价格， 一旦允许自由贸易，该国家将是钢铁进口国。 国内消费者就想以比国内价格更低的世界价格购买钢铁。 因为国内价格移向世界价格，所以国内钢铁生产者不得不降低产量。 How Free Trade Affects Welfare in an Importing Country The analysis of an importing country yields two conclusions: Domestic producers of the good are worse off, and domestic consumers of the good are better off. Trade raises the economic well-being of the nation as a whole because the gains of consumers exceed the losses of producers. 自由贸易如何影响进口国的福利 对进口国的分析得出了两个结论: 当一国允许自由贸易并成为一种物品的进口国时，该物品的国内消费者状况变好，而该物品的国内生产者状况变坏。 贸易增加了一国的整体经济福利。 How Free Trade Affects Welfare in an Importing Country The analysis of an importing country yields two conclusions: THE WINNERS AND LOSERS FROM TRADE The gains of the winners exceed the losses of the losers. The net change in total surplus is positive. 国际自由贸易的得与失 赢家的好处大于输家的损失。 总剩余的净变动是正的。 A tariff reduces the quantity of imports and moves the domestic market closer to