欧洲文化入门Europe Culture 1 Greek Culture and Roman Culture.pptVIP

Map of Europe Greek Culture and Roman Culture The Historical Contexts Social and Political Structure Homer Philosophy Architecture Sculpture Impact The Historical Contexts 1200 B.C. a war was fought between Greece and Troy, ending in the destruction of Troy. The Historical Contexts 5th B.C. Greek culture reached a high point of development. The century closed with civil war between Athens and Sparta. The Historical Contexts In the second half of the 4th century B.C. all Greece was brought under the rule of Alexander, king of Macedon.Greek culture was spread The Historical Contexts In 146 B.C. the Romans conquered Greece Social and Political Structure Athens was a democracy Democracy means “exercise of power by the whole people”. Greeks loved sports Olympus Mountain---Olympic Games Modern Olympic Games revived in 1896 顾拜旦（法国） Athens was a democracy Democracy means “exercise of power by the whole people”. Athens was a democracy Democracy means “exercise of power by the whole people”. Athens was a democracy Democracy means “exercise of power by the whole people”. Greeks loved sports Homer Probably lived around 700 B.C. Two epics: Iliad Odessey The Story:「伊里亞德」與「奧德賽」已經被希羅多德、修昔底德、柏拉圖、亞里斯多德認為是荷馬最著名的兩部史詩。 伊里亞德是特洛伊的別名，意思是特洛伊的故事。特洛伊位於小亞細亞西岸，是殖民城市。伊里亞德主要是 描寫希臘城邦斯巴達與邁錫尼為了美女海倫與特洛伊發生的戰爭。天神宙斯 (Zeus) 要在三位女神: 赫拉 (Hera)、阿芙洛黛特 (Aphrodite) 及雅典娜 (Athena) 之中，選出最美的女神。特洛伊王子帕里斯(Paris) 被指派當裁判，它讓阿芙洛黛特獲勝，然後又聽她的話，搶奪了絕世美女海倫 (Helene)，帶回特洛伊去。海倫是宙斯的女兒，斯巴達王梅納雷阿斯(Menelaos) 妃子。 希臘方面為了奪回海倫，公元前1194年，亞該亞希臘人組織一千艘的船對進攻特洛伊，以斯巴達王的長兄邁 錫尼王亞格門能 (亞金面羅王) 為統帥。經過十年悠久歲月，仍然不能攻下特洛伊城。「伊里亞德」就是歌 詠這十年當中最後數十天所發生的事。希臘聯軍的英雄阿奇里斯 (Achilles) 和阿伽門農 (Agamemnon) 發生爭吵沒有出戰，阿奇里斯的好友派羅克 魯斯 (Patroklos)，代替阿奇里斯上陣，而被特洛伊的統帥王子霍克得 (Hektor) 殺死。阿奇里斯傷心欲絕，立誓要報仇。他穿上全新的甲冑，衝入敵陣大戰特洛伊軍。特洛伊軍被英勇的阿奇里斯打得落花流水，紛紛逃回城中。此時霍克得雖然擔心自己死後國家和妻子的命運，但為了名譽，單獨出城和阿奇里斯決一死戰。最後，阿奇里斯有雅典娜女神的幫忙，將霍克得殺死，達到報仇的心願。阿奇里斯並將霍克得的屍體縛在戰車上拖著走。特洛伊的老王普利亞摩斯，為了要回兒子的遺體，親自訪問阿奇里斯的營地，於是兩人共嘆命運的悲哀。老王將兒子的遺