文艺复兴 1400-1600（英文） 大学课件，教师备课容易，学生复习容易哦。.pptVIP

The Renaissance (1400-1600) Humanism, the New Learning and the Birth of Science Social Conditions in the Renaissance The World - 1456 The World - 1502 The World - 1507 The World – 1630 Renaissance Mansions Palace of Versailles Renaissance House Evolving Social Conditions 12th century Italy saw a rise in trade, which resulted in increased wealth and the growth and development of large city-states. This allowed for the establishment of a “middle elite”, which did not rule but had leisure time to develop intellectual skills and to begin to question received dogma. This increased trade also brought new ideas and technology as cultures began to connect across continents and oceans. As cities began to grow and populations were increasingly on the move, the character of city life became increasingly eclectic. The insular, rigid, and homogenous world of feudal Europe was replaced with an expansive, dynamic, heterogeneity as cultures, religions, and ethnicities blended in a manner not seen since Rome. Significance to Critical Thinking All of these factors combined to produce an environment in which the world view of the average citizen was greatly expanded. As people found themselves confronted by others who lived differently and who held alternative beliefs, some inevitably questioned whether their belief system was “correct”, as they had always believed. Of course, some also became more defensive and insular when confronted by “the other”. Evidence for this can be seen in the Inquisition and the religious wars between Protestants and Catholics in which hundreds of thousands were killed. Far from being a panacea for provincial thought, the city was simply one force among many. Religious and nationalistic dogma were still the dominant forces and the common citizen was still largely ruled by them. Re-Emergence of Greek and Roman Ideas In the 12th century and continuing through the 15th, texts from ancient Greece and Rome which had long been lost to Europe were re-discov