精细化学英语.docVIP

7第一章 一：1. Classify each of the following as a law, a theory, or a hypothesis: a. All matter is composed of elements.（所有物质都是由分子组成的） b. 2 + 2 = 4 c. Black cats bring bad luck. （黑猫带来坏运气） d. The sun will set tonight, （今晚太阳会落沉） e. The gravitational pull of the sun and moon causes tides,（太阳和月亮产生的引力引起潮汐） f. It will rain tomorrow, （明天会下雨） g. Heat flows spontaneously from hot to cold areas,（热流量自发地从热到冷的地方） h. There will be a party tonight on campus, （今晚校园里会有晚会） 答：1、真理（law）：b 2、理论（theory）：a、e、g 3、假设（hypothesis）：c、d、f、h 三：3. With further testing, hypotheses may become theories, but not laws. Explain. 进一步测试后，假设可能变成理论而不是真理。解释一下。 Scientific theories and hypotheses are dynamic ideas that are constantly challenged. Often they must be modified, or even discarded, because of new data or more useful explanations of the data.Scientific theories are not viewed as absolute truth. They are simply the most useful ideas anyone has found so far to describe, explain, and predict what happens in nature. 科学的理论和假说是不断挑战的动态的想法。通常情况下，他们必须进行修改，甚至丢弃，因为新的或更多有用的理论不被视为绝对真理。他们是最有用的迄今发现，描述，解释，预测。 为什么有许多不同的科学方法而不仅仅是一个？ New discoveries happen in many ways. Some follow a data → law → hypothesis → theory sequence. Other times, scientists simply follow a hunch, a bias, or yes, a belief and then do experiments to test it. Other discoveries occur when an experiment gives totally unexpected results and the scientist insists on finding out what happened. 在许多方面发生的新发现。一些数据→规律→假设→理论序列。其他时候，科学家们只需按照一种预感，一种偏见，或者是，一种信念，然后做实验，以测试它。一个实验给出了完全意想不到的结果和科学家坚持找出发生了什么事。 答：元素：e、I；化合物：k、h、m、f；混合物：a、b、c、d、g、i、j 第二章 1. Distinguish among and give examples of (a) a monomer（单体）, (b) a natural polymer（天然聚合物）, and (c) a synthetic polymer.（合成聚合物） Monomers：small, repeating（重复）molecular（分子） units（单位） known as monomers. A natural polymer：from the nature of the polymer such as starch(淀粉) cellulose.（纤维素） A synthetic polymer：monomers by polymerization(聚合) reaction the apolymer obtained is called synthetic polymer such as polymethacrylate(