英语语法之九 名词性从句.docVIP

英语语法之九 名词性从句 名词性从句 定义与用法： 名词性从句的功能相当于名词的功能。根据其在句中充当的成分可分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句及同位语从句。例如： 1）What he suggested at the meeting was that we should carry out the plan in spite of diffculties. 他在会上提出的建议是虽然有困难，但我们仍要执行计划。（表语） 2）He suggested tha t we should carry out the plan. 他建议我们应该执行计划。（宾语） 3）What do you think of his suggestion that we should stick to the plan? 他建议我们应该坚持执行计划，你看如何？（同位语） 引导名词性从句的连接词，关联词 that, what, when, where, how, why, who(m), whose, whether等。尽管有些词具有疑问含义，但名词性从句，要用陈述语序。试比较： Where shall I get off to change to Bus No.14?he asked the conductor. He asked the conductor where he should get off to change to Bus No.14. 他问乘务员换乘14路汽车在哪下车。 主语从句 1. that（连词）常位于句首，不作句子成分，无词汇意义，但不能省略；在it 作形式主语结构中的 that 可省略。如： Its a pity (that) he has made such a mistake. 很可惜他出了这么个错。 2.如主句谓语是否定式时，不用无词汇意义的连词 that ，只能用与否定意义相一致的连词whether或其它连接代（副）词。如： 误：It was not known that he would come to see us. 正：It was not known whether he would come to see us. 他是否来看我们还不知道。（不知道他是否来看我们。） 3.主语从句放在句首，显得笨重，因此一般用 it 作形式主语，而把真主语后置。如： Its very clear that hes round and tall like a tree. 很清楚，他又圆又高，象棵树。 但 who(m), which 与 what 和 ever 构成的复合词和what 引导的主语从句，表示的是一个具体的东西或人，不能用引导词 it 替换。如： What he said gave me great courage. 他说的话给了我很大的勇气。 Whatever was said here must be kept secret. 这里说的话都应当必威体育官网网址。 Whoever fails to see this will make a great mistake. 无论谁要是看不到这一点就要犯极大的错误。 Whatever we do should be in the interest (=interests) of the people. 我们做一切事都要符合人民的利益。 4.whether 引导的主语从句可置于句首或句尾。如： Whether she will come or not is still a question.=It is a question whther she will come or not. 她是否来，还是个问题。 但应注意：一般 if不引导主语从句。如： 误：If he will be successful in doing so is still aquestion. 正：Whether he will be successful in doing so is still a question. 他这么做是否成功还是个问题。 又如：I