生态学和进化的土壤线虫趋化性.pdfVIP

J Chem Ecol (2012) 38:615–628 DOI 10.1007/s10886-012-0118-6 Ecology and Evolution of Soil Nematode Chemotaxis Sergio Rasmann Jared Gregory Ali Johannes Helder Wim H. van der Putten Received: 6 February 2012 /Revised: 30 March 2012 /Accepted: 6 April 2012 /Published online: 25 April 2012 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2012 Abstract Plants influence the behavior of and modify com- ubiquitous in soil and indicates biological activity, is widely munity composition of soil-dwelling organisms through the used as such a cue. The use of the same signals by a variety exudation of organic molecules. Given the chemical com- of species and species groups suggests that parts of the plexity of the soil matrix, soil-dwelling organisms have chemo-sensory machinery have remained highly conserved evolved the ability to detect and respond to these cues for during the radiation of nematodes. However, besides CO2, successful foraging. A key question is how specific these many other chemical compounds, belonging to different responses are and how they may evolve. Here, we review chemical classes, have been shown to induce chemotaxis and discuss the ecology and evolution of chemotaxis of soil in nematodes. Plants surrounded by a complex nematode nematodes. Soil nematodes are a group of diverse functional community, including beneficial entomopathogenic nemat- and taxonomic types, which may reveal a variety of odes, plant-parasitic nematodes, as well as microbial responses. We predicted that nematodes of different feeding feeders, are thus under diffuse selection for producing spe- guilds use host-specific cues for chemotaxis. However, the cific molecules in the rhizosphere that maximi