高考必备英语句子的基本构造.docVIP

英语句子的基本构造 按用途划分，英语句子可分为陈述句，疑问句，祈使句，感叹句四种。不同的句子有不同的构造方法。 陈述句的基本形式 陈述句用以陈述观点，描述事实。陈述句的基本形式对应于简单句的五个基本句型。 一．主语+系动词+表语 例： 1. The book is interesting. 2. I am a teacher. 二．主语+不及物动词 例： 1. Evening came. 2. He left. 三．主语+及物动词+宾语 例： 1. I have seen this film before. 2. I bought a book yesterday. 四．主语+及物动词+直接宾语+间接宾语 例： 1. He offered me his seat. (He offered his seat to me.) 2. Mother bought me a book.(Mother bought a book for me.) 3. He asked me a question.(He asked a question to me.) 注：有的动词只有一种形式。 例： 4. They robbed the old man of his money. 5. He has warned me of the danger. 五．主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语 宾语和宾语补足语所构成的结构被称为复合宾语，在宾语较长时为使句子结构保持平衡经常用 it作形式宾语，把真正的宾语后置。例： Father named his son Peter. He considers it necessary that a man should know at least one foreign language. 以上五个基本句型通过加上定语、状语等其他成分，可以演变为各种各样复杂的陈述句。例： John often came to chat with me. 本句属于“主语+不及物动词”的基本句型，其中包含often, to chat等状语。 John likes oranges imported from the USA. 主语+及物动词+宾语，包含定语imported from the USA. John gave Mary many books, which are full of illustrations. 主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接接宾语， 包含了定语从句which are full of illustrations. Whenever he gets drunk, John makes Mary very angry. 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾补，包含时间状语从句whenever he gets drunk. 除了添加定语和状语外，高考中还有两种常见的更为复杂的句子成分，即同位语和插入语。 1．同位语。同位语是放于名词性成分之后，与该名词并列，对其内容进行进一步解释说明的句子成分。同位语自身也是名词性成分（包括名词，代词，数词，不定式或名词从句），同位语与本位语之间常用逗号隔开。（在同位语本身简短，紧跟于本位语之后的情况下，通常不加逗号）。例： 1)She seemed different from them all. 2) This is Mr. Zhou, director of our hospital. 2. 插入语。插入语是与句子中其他成分没有语法上的直接关系，通常需要以逗号与主句隔开，用来补充说明有关情况的句子成分。插入语可以是副词，形容词，介词短语，分词短语，不定式，简短的陈述句）。例： 1) Fortunately, I found the book that I had lost. 2) Strange, he often forgot to turn off the lights. 3) She gave me much help, and in turn, I gave her some money. 4) Judging from his letter, a campaign against “white pollution” has been undertaken in his hometown. 5) To be sure, he won’t come today. 6) It will result in success, I suppose. 高考连线一 At times, worrying is a normal____ response t