中英文禁忌语言的对比研究 A Comparative Study on Chinese and English Linguistic Taboo.docVIP

中英文禁忌语言的对比研究A Comparative Study on Chinese and English Linguistic Taboo 内 容 摘 要 语言是人们在活动过程中产生和发展起来的一种社交工具，其功能就是沟通信息，但在特定的语言行为中，却被赋予了它自身所没有的超人的感觉和超人的力量。社会成员竟认为语言本身能给人类带来某种吉祥或不幸，人为地设置了种种语言禁区。他们相信谁要是违背这些语言禁忌，谁就会受到应有的惩罚。反之，谁要是忠实遵循了语言禁忌的约束，谁就会得到相应的庇护和保佑。 语言禁忌存在的历史悠久，它不仅存在于原始社会的迷信时期，还存在于男性主宰的封建时期，也存在于现代人们生活的各个方面，是一种普遍存在的社会现象。在汉英两种语言中，有些忌讳是一致的。中英语言禁忌在语音层面、词汇方面具有相似性。但是由于汉英民族文化背景、意识形态、价值观念等的不同，中英语言禁忌的内容和形式也有一些差异，因此中英语言禁忌在私人话题、数字及命名称谓的方面具有差异性。这些异同往往会给跨文化交际带来一些障碍，为此，有效避免使用禁忌语的方法主要是使用委婉语代替禁忌语，并充分了解异国的文化背景。研究禁忌语言能帮助英语学习者加深英汉两种语言和文化的理解，提高跨文化交际能力，避免交际失败，达到理想的交际效果。 关键词：语言禁忌；；委婉语 Abstract Language, as the carrier of culture, is created during the process of human beings’ productive labor and serves as the tool of communication to convey the message between people. However, it has been endowed with magic and power in particular language acts. As the old saying goes, troubles come out of the tongue. Superstitious people think that the language itself can bring about fortune or misfortune, therefore the restriction of the use of taboo language are created. Anyone who violates them will get punishment, whereas those who faithfully obey the restrictions of taboo language will get protection. Taboo language has a long history. It existed in primitive superstitious times, feudal patriarchal times, but also exists almost every aspect of peoples life in modern times. And it is a universal social phenomenon in China and Britain. Both Chinese and English cultures are in agreement about linguistic taboos such as pronunciation taboo, and vocabulary taboo. However, influenced by different cultural backgrounds, ideologies and the concepts of value, Chinese and English linguistic taboos also have differences in the aspects of taboo subjects, taboo numbers, names and literature. These similarities will often bring some obstacles to cross-cultural communication. There are two effective ways of avoiding taboo, that is, using euphemism and having a good knowledge of the taboo culture. It can help